How do foundational principles in chemical engineering, encompassing mass and energy conservation, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and reaction kinetics, establish the groundwork for industrial processes? Explore their roles in optimizing efficiency, sustainability, and safety. Additionally, how do material and energy balances, equilibrium theory, and transport phenomena contribute to the comprehensive framework of chemical engineering theory? Discuss how these theories intersect and integrate to empower engineers in analyzing, optimizing, and innovating processes across industries, ensuring optimal resource utilization and environmental stewardship while upholding industrial safety standards.