II' II' F I. J l' I B 1. (14 marks} a. {It marks} Why do countries persist in using protectionism even though most economists believe that tariffs and quotas yield welfare losses to consumers? h. {5 marks} Suppose that Vietnam is exporting food and importing clothing. Due to over-farming, the so quality in Vietnam decreases, resulting in a reduction in agiicultural productivity. This causes a reduction in the amount of food that can he produced in Vietnam at any time, as well as an increase in the world price of food relative to clothing \"fps. Using the production possibility frontier graph for Vietnam, shows how this can result in an overall reduction in welfare for Vietnam. c. {5 marks} Consider the scenario in part (b). As a matter of fact, the situation might not be all gloomy, and Vietnam can instead enjoy an increase in overall welfare from this. Explain under what circumstance can Vietnam gain in welfare from the situation, supporting your answer with the PPF graph for Vietnam