In $1957,$ the Soviet Union launched the first satellite, known as Sputnik. The Soviet's unprecedented success in space was a blow to American pride and posed a threat to U$.$S$.$ national security. In response to the Sputnik launch, the United States took several initiatives, including:

Group of answer choices

increasing atmospheric nuclear testing to develop more sophisticated nuclear weapons such as the first intercontinental missile.

launching an internal investigation to determine if a domestic spy ring had provided the Soviets with information about American science and technology.

calling for improving U$.$S$-$Soviet diplomatic relations to promote international cooperation in space

the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.