In $2023,$ Carson is claimed as a dependent on his parents' tax return. His parents report taxable income of $$200,000($married filing jointly$).$ Carson's parents provided most of his support.

What is Carson's tax liability for the year in each of the following alternative circumstances? Use Tax Rate Schedule, Dividends and Capital Gains Tax Rates for reference.

Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to $2$ decimal places.

b$.$ Carson is $23$ years old at year$-$end. He is a full$-$time student and earned $$15,800$ from his summer internship and part$-$time job. He also received $$5,160$ of qualified dividend income