In an article published in Psychology of Music (2010), researchers reported the results of a study conducted to investigate the effects of "romantic lyrics on compliance with a courtship request." The researchers recruited undergraduate female students who were studying social and managerial science and told them that "the purpose of the study was to discuss organic products with another participant." When a participant came in for the study, she was randomly assigned to listen to either a romantic song or a neutral song. After three minutes, she was greeted by a male "confederate" (chosen and trained by the researchers to pretend to be another participant), who while discussing the organic products also asked for her phone number so that he could call her up to ask her out.

The male confederate was kept unaware of the aim of the study and was trained to use the same script when talking to all the females.

Of the 44 women who listened to the romantic song, 23 gave their phone numbers, whereas of the 43 who listened to the neutral song, only 12 did.

Was this an experiment or an observational study?

Choose the answer from the menu in accordance to the question statement

Choose the answer from the menu in accordance to the question statement

ExperimentObservational study

Researchers used double blinding so that participants wouldn't know that the real purpose of the study was to see if they would give their phone numbers and so that the male confederate wouldn't unintentionally change his approach with the participants.

True

False

Identify the observational units.

Type of the song

Each of the 87 female students

Number of women who listened to the romantic music

Number of women who gave their phone number

Identify the explanatory and response variables, and identify their types.

Explanatory: Gave phone number? (categorical); Response: Romantic lyrics? (categorical)

Explanatory: Romantic lyrics? (categorical); Response: Gave phone number? (categorical)

Explanatory: Romantic lyrics? (quantitative); Response: Gave phone number? (quantitative)

Explanatory: Gave phone number? (quantitative); Response: Romantic lyrics? (quantitative)

Organize the counts in a well-labeled 2 2 table.

Romantic songNeutral songTotalGave phone number?YesEnter your answer; value for row Gave phone number? Yes and column Romantic song

Enter your answer; value for row Gave phone number? Yes and column Neutral song

Enter your answer; value for row Gave phone number? Yes and column Total

Gave phone number?NoEnter your answer; value for row Gave phone number? No and column Romantic song

Enter your answer; value for row Gave phone number? No and column Neutral song

Enter your answer; value for row Gave phone number? No and column Total

TotalEnter your answer; value for row Total and column Romantic song

Enter your answer; value for row Total and column Neutral song

Enter your answer; value for row Total and column Total

Find the observed difference in the conditional proportion of females who gave their phone number to the male confederate between those who listened to the romantic song and those who listened to the neutral song.Round to three decimal places.

Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement

Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement

Two possible explanations for the observed difference in conditional proportions are: there is an effect of playing romantic lyrics or there is no effect and the observed difference is due to chance alone.

True

False