In c++ - Visual Studio

_____refers to the region of the program where a variable is active.

A prototype has to include the ___ of its formal parameters and can give its ____.

A ___ after the data type in the function heading and in the prototype indicates that the parameter will be passed by reference.

A call has to have the ___ of the parameters and does not have to have the ___ of the parameters.

What are the blanks?