In his seminal work "a theory of justice" american philosopher john rawls proposes an alternative to utilitarism that reflects all except one of the following:

A$.$ Assuming an initial position of equality is the only way to guarantees fairness

B$.$ That egalitarian hypothesis is the name given to his theory.

C$.$ Our distinct opportunities should be the consequence of our diverse birth conditions.

D$.$ Fairness should be the defining characteristic of Justice.