In March $2024,$ Chemours shares tumbled after the company said it would delay its audited financial filings as it investigated accounting issues. $$An investigation...has found that the Teflon maker$$s top executives shifted cash flows at year$-$end to hit targets that determined their annual stock and bonus awards....$$ A related graphic shows that the share price plummeted when the investigation was announced and rebounded halfway, also sharply, when the source of the investigation was announced. $$The probe was sparked by an anonymous complaint to the company$$s ethics hotline. $($you can find the article, "Chemours Executives Improperly Shifted Deals to Boost Their Pay, Probe Finds" below$).$

Please define the terms stock$-$based compensation, restricted stock, and stock options based on this article. Cite your source for these definitions, whether from your textbook or elsewhere. Why are these forms of compensation described as $$executives$$ long$-$term incentives$?$ Please discuss.