In order to make an arrest probable cause requires that a police officer have

1. a.clear and convincing evidence
2. b.reasonable grounds
3. c.a mere suggestion
4. d.clear proof

The government's burden of proof in a criminal case is

1. a.clear and convincing evidence
2. b.preponderance of the evidence
3. c.beyond a reasonable doubt
4. d.nolo contender

For a formal criminal conspiracy to exist:

1. a.A formal agreement between all members must exist.
2. b.All members must plan all details of the scheme.
3. c.One person must plan and commit the crime.
4. d.Two or more people must be involved in some aspect of the scheme.

A crime generally consists of:

1. a.An act.
2. b.An act or omission.
3. c.A mental state and an act
4. d.A mental state and harm.

White-collar crimes:

a.Always involve violence.

b.Generally involve violence.

c.Sometimes involve violence.

d.Never involve violence

Money laundering is defined as:

a.Using money to influence public officials.

b.Using money to influence employees of competitors.

c.Using money derived from illegal activities to invest in legitimate businesses.

d.Using money to influence foreign officials.

Toni and Rog agreed that they would hijack and steal a truck that was transporting equipment. Toni bought a gun, and she and Rog went to a truck stop to wait for the truck. Before the truck arrived, the police arrived to investigate what Toni and Rog were doing, preventing them from stealing the truck and its cargo. Under these facts, what crimes, if any, did Toni and Rog commit?

1. a.Embezzlement.
2. b.Larceny.
3. c.Conspiracy.
4. d.Robbery.

May was suspected of selling stolen goods in interstate commerce. FBI agents got a warrant to search her office. During the search, the FBI found papers evidencing her crime. Two days later, the FBI found some stolen goods when they conducted a warrantless search of May's car. A week later, an FBI agent was walking on a public sidewalk outside May's offices when he saw more stolen goods that May disposed of in a public dumpster. What evidence can be used against May?

a.The papers seized at May's office.

b.The stolen goods seized from May's car.

c.The stolen goods seized from the public dumpster.

d.a and c.

To obtain a search warrant in criminal matters, the law enforcement official must offer evidence that;

a.there is probable cause to believe that a crime was committed.

b.there is probable cause to believe that the search will assist in the investigation.

c.there is probable cause to believe that the suspect will flee.

d.both a and b must be established.

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, protection against unreasonable searches, applies to:

a.Personal homes only.

b.Businesses only.

c.Both homes and businesses.

d.None of the above.

Because of the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination, a business person called to testify may refuse to:

a.Testify against himself or herself.

b.Produce records prepared in the ordinary course of business if they are incriminating.

c.Produce records prepared in the ordinary course of business if they are being held by an attorney.

d.All of the above.

1. Miranda warnings are the result of the application of:
2. a.The 5th Amendment only.
3. b.The 6th Amendment only
4. c.A combination of the 5th and 6th Amendments.
5. d.The 4^thAmendment.

The Sixth Amendment gives you the right to:

a.Speedy trial.

b.Trial by jury.

c.Be informed of the charge against you.

d.All of the above.

1. Under traditional rules, in which case is the crime of extortion committed?
2. a.Sheriff Ross demands that Ruth pay him $10,000 or he will arrest her.
3. b.Ida offers to pay Judge Rye $500 if Judge Rye will dismiss a driving complaint against her.
4. c.Nanny, a private person, demands that Mayor Traynor pay Nanny $5,000 or she will publicly reveal evidence of certain immoral conduct by the mayor.
5. d.Fargo Securities fraudulently sold stock in violation of U.S securities laws.

Over a period of years, Allen knowingly and wilfully engaged in numerous transactions that entailed the fraudulent sale of worthless swampland to elderly persons who lived in various parts of the United States. Mrs. Hinton unsuspectingly bought some of this worthless land from Allen, and she paid him $10,000 for the property. Under these facts:

a.Allen can only be criminally prosecuted for violation of RICO.

b.Allen can only be civilly sued by the government for violation of RICO.

c.Allen can be prosecuted for violation of RICO and he can be civilly sued by Mrs. Hinton for $10,000 for violation of RICO.

d.Allen can be prosecuted for violation of RICO and he can be civilly sued by Mrs. Hinton for $30,000 for violation of RICO.

Jackson electrical employees were repairing power lines when one of its "cherry pickers" came into contact with a power line, electrocuting a worker. Prior to this accident, the employees had complained to Jackson supervisors that operation of this equipment so near to the power lines was unsafe and exposed them to a significant risk of injury. The supervisors talked this over with Jackson and they all agreed: "We can always replace one of these employees if necessary, but we can't replace the client for whom we are doing this work." The supervisors then ordered the employees to continue to work (the crime of criminal negligence). Who can be prosecuted for this crime?

1. a.Only the supervisors.
2. b.Only the supervisors and Jackson.
3. c.Only Jackson Electrical.
4. d.The supervisors, Jackson and Jackson Electrical.

Roger, an employee, systematically took tools from his employer whenever he was left to lock up his employer's store. Roger was arrested one night while taking more tools. What crime has Roger committed?

1. a.Larceny.
2. b.Burglary.
3. c.Embezzlement.
4. d.Swindle.

In a criminal case, the defendant has all of the following possible pleas to enter except:

a.Guilty

b.Guilty with an explanation

c.Not guilty

d.Nolo contendre

In state juvenile proceedings, juveniles do not have the right to:

a.counsel

b.a jury trial

c.confront witnesses

d.cross-examine witnesses

Sally operates a large manufacturing firm near a federal land preserve known for its waterfowl and fauna. The federal government has long suspected that Sally and her Organization had ties to terrorist organizations and were involved in various criminal activities. The law enforcement officers obtained a search warrant to search Sally's office for evidence linking her to environmental protections violations. They were however seeking to find evidence of other criminal; activities. After the search the federal government filed suit against Sally and her corporations charging them with criminal violations of various environmental protection as well as other criminal statutes. What rights do Sally and her corporation have that are guaranteed under the United States Constitution? Were the search conducted by the law enforcement officers and the evidence seized by them implicating Sally and her organization in violation of other crimes lawful?