In September 2015, Volkswagen AG's crisis over allegedly cheating on U.S. emissions tests deepened, with the German auto maker halting American sales of popular diesel-powered cars and issuing a sweeping apology for violating customers' trust. It also launched an external investigation. Shares in the company slumped more than 20% in early trading Monday in response to the crisis. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) accused Volkswagen AG of deliberately dodging air-pollution rules on nearly half a million cars sold since 2008, furthering an Obama administration crackdown on auto makers suspected of flouting regulations intended to reduce tailpipe emissions. Within two days of the EPA disclosure, Volkswagen made an admission that it did in fact cheat on US emissions tests. The company could now face billions of dollars in fines and the crisis weakened Volkswagen Chief Executive Martin Winterkorn's position. Winterkorn initially narrowly survived efforts by a major shareholder to oust him earlier last year and was passed over for the chairman's job, the company's top post. Eventually the Board forced Winterkorn's resignation from his post with the company.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which on Friday September 18, 2015 unveiled the allegations with the California Air Resources Board, alleged the German auto maker used software in the cars to get around government emissions tests. EPA officials said the software, dubbed a "defeat device," made about 482,000 Volkswagen diesel-powered cars appear cleaner running than they were. The Clean Air Act requires vehicle manufacturers to disclose design information to receive certification that their products meet federal air-pollution standards. Officials alleged that Volkswagen used software that activates full emissions controls only during testing but then reduces their effectiveness during normal driving. The result is that cars can emit nitrogen oxides at up to 40 times the allowable standard, the agency said. Diesel-powered cars are a small part of overall U.S. car and light-truck sales. U.S. officials said Volkswagen violated two parts of the federal Clean Air Act and could face sizable financial penalties of up to $37,500 per car, or more than $18 billion. It remained unclear whether the government would seek such an onerous penalty. The EPA in November 2014 hit South Korean auto makers Hyundai Motor Co. and Kia Motors Corp. with a record $100 million penalty for overstating fuel-economy claims and forced the companies to cough up another $200 million in regulatory credits. It remains unclear who at Volkswagen ordered the software be installed on the engines, at what point in time, and who covered it up for so long.

Nonetheless, the company suspended nine managers who are suspected of being involved in the fraud, but Volkswagen asserts that it remains unclear if all or any of them were guilty of wrongdoing. Two of the top engineers amongst the group Ulrich Hackenberg and Wolfgang Hatz resigned after pressures from the board and stockholders. These two long-term senior VW engineers had been considered the best engineers in the global auto industry

"There was not one single mistake, but rather a chain of errors that was never broken," as reported by Mr. Ptsch, who until the crisis broke, was the company's chief finance officer. He insisted that the company still believed a small group of employees carried out the deception. The company's internal audit found no evidence to suggest that members of the executive board or supervisory board were involved in the diesel fraud. He said the roots of the deception were the "misconduct and shortcomings of individual employees," insufficient internal processes to detect such fraud, and "a mind-set in some areas of the company that tolerated breaches of rules."

1)How did VW cheat in the scandal?

2)Sort through and identify the ethical issues embedded in the case study

3)Analyze the case situation with purpose of identifying approaches to resolve the ethical dilemma and issues presented by the case.

QUESTION 9 A director of the corporation has embezzled money from the company. The other corporate directors fail to sue. What should the shareholders do? O They have no recourse. O They should initiate a shareholder's direct suit O They should claim a violation of the business judgment rule O They should rewrite the corporate bylaws to require lawsuits in cases of embezzlement They should initiate a shareholder's derivative suit QUESTION 10 Directors and officers have a fiduciary duty of care. True OFalse QUESTION 11 2 po Shareholder approval is not required for consolidation. True False Save AT Answers Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. MacBook ProD Question 3 2 pts The online MTHM 171 class decided to make and sell origami I abacuses to pay for a class trip to the the National Museum of Mathematics in New York. It has been determined that the profit (in dollars) for selling x origami abacuses is P(x) = -0.02x2 + 4.8x - 12. Assuming they sell every abacus they make, how many origami abacuses should they make in order to maximize the profit?QUESTION 4 What were the correct design parameters for the time synchronization server? None of these Connection oriented, Iterative, Stateless, Availability over Consistency Connectionless, concurrent, stateful, Consistency over Availavility Connectionless, Iterative, Stateless, Consistency over Availability QUESTION 5 You cannot choose availability over consistency unless you have more than one server O True O FalseRecording transactions in T accounts; trial balance On May 15, George Manny began a new business, called Sounds, Inc., a recording studio to be rented out to artists on an hourly or daily basis. The following six transactions were completed by the business during May: (A.) Issued to Manny 5,000 shares of capital stock in exchange for his investment of $200,000 cash. (B.) Purchased land and a building for $410,000, paying $100,000 cash and signing a note payable for the balance. The land was considered to be worth $310,000 and the building $100,000. (C.) Installed special insulation and soundproofing throughout most of the building at a cost of $120,000. Paid $32,000 cash and agreed to pay the balance in 60 days. Manny considers these items to be additional costs of the building. (D.) Purchased office furnishings costing $18,000 and recording equipment costing $88,400 from Music Supplies. Sounds paid $28,000 cash with the balance due in 30 days. (E.) Borrowed $180,000 from a bank by signing a note payable. (F.) Paid the full amount of the liability to Music Supplies arising from the purchases in D above. Instructions (A.) Record the above transactions directly in the T accounts below. Identify each entry in a T account with the letter shown for the transaction. This exercise does not call for the use of a journal. Cash Office Furnishings Notes PayableCash Office Furnishings Notes Payable Land Recording Equipment Accounts Payable Buildings Capital Stock (B.) Prepare a trial balance at May 31 by completing the form provided. SOUNDS, INC. Trial Balance May 31, 20 Debit Credit