1. Incarceration rates vary from state to state. We must remember that correlation is not causation but we can ask: what state level factors might be associated with the state incarceration rate?

I drew a sample of 17 states using a systematic random sampling method (Chapter 7). Using data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Kaiser Foundation and the FBI, I gathered published data on:

• Incarceration Rate per 100,000 Adults (2013)
• Median State Income (2010-2013)
• Total Crime Rate from Uniform Crime Reports (Violent crime and Property crime)

1. Before you look at the data (on the next page), state an appropriate null and research hypothesis concerning the relationship between Incarceration Rate and each of the two independent variables.
2. Which of these predicted relationships do you expect to be strongest? Why?

For each of these relationships, calculate:

1. The prediction equation (least squares line)
2. The Coefficient of Determination
3. Pearsons r
4. Would multiple regression be a useful statistical tool for further analysis of these data? Why or why not? You do not need to do any calculations.

Incarceration Rate	Median	Violent Crime	Prop crime	Total crime
per 100,00 Adults	Income	Rate	Rate	Rate
2013	2010-2013	2012	2012	2012
State
Alabama	910	43330	449.9	3502.2	3952.1
Arkansas	1010	40877	469.1	3660.1	4129.2
Connecticut	620	67807	283	2140	2423
Florida	990	47106	487.1	3276.7	3763.8
Idaho	860	49952	207.9	1983.5	2191.4
Iowa	530	53364	263.9	2271.8	2535.7
Louisiana	1420	40844	496.9	3540.6	4037.5
Massachusetts	400	64555	405.5	2153	2558.5
Mississippi	950	40338	260.8	2811	3071.8
Nebraska	600	55107	259.4	2754.9	3014.3
New Jersey	540	65321	290.2	2047.3	2337.5
North Carolina	730	44254	353.4	3369.5	3722.9
Oklahoma	740	47282	469.3	3401	3870.3
Rhode Island	400	55158	252.4	2572.3	2824.7
Tennessee	960	42785	643.6	3371.4	4015
Vermont	410	56175	142.6	2398.7	2541.3
West Virginia	660	43361	316.3	2364.9	2681.2
Mean	748.82	50448.00	355.96	2801.11	3157.07
SD	273.52	9056.11	130.62	601.63	703.41

Sources: http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpus13.pdf

http://www.icip.iastate.edu/tables/population/urban-pct-states

http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/

http://www.ucrdatatool.gov/Search/Crime/State/RunCrimeStatebyState.cfm