Indentation - The first sentence in each new paragraph in the body of the paper should be indented a half inch. The abstract, however, should not be indented. Proposed Problem Statement The general problem to be addressed is the insufficient understanding of the effectiveness and impact of Ryanair's SHRM practices, particularly within the context of its low-cost business model. This gap in knowledge hinders the ability to assess how these practices contribute to Ryanair's competitive advantage and operational success in the European aviation market. The existing body of work, including Harvey and Turnbull (2020) emphasized that leaders in the aviation industry, including those at Ryanair, often struggle to align SHRM practices with organizational strategies due to intense market pressures. Rodrguez et al. (2020) highlighted that Ryanair's low-cost business model adds complexity to SHRM implementation, creating additional barriers to achieving strategic goals. Further, Geary (2022) explored labor relations at Ryanair, shedding light on the complexities of SHRM in a non-unionized setting, which is directly relevant to understand the practical implications of SHRM at Ryanair, while Kim et al. (2022) emphasizes the critical role of human capital in strategic human resource management but did not focus on Ryanair's specific context. However, many