Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t test for Equality of Means F Sig t df Sig (2 tailed) Mean Difference Std Error Difference 95 Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper total Equal variances assumed 2 132 147 1 157 103 250 3 102 2 682 2 217 8 420 Equal variances not assumed 1 111 74 084 270 3 102 2 792 2 461 8 665 The Levene test (homogeneity of variance assumption) and interpretation t, degrees of freedom, t value, and probability value State whether or not to reject the null hypothesis Interpret the results Calculate Cohen's d effect size from the SPSS output and interpret it Specifically, if the homogeneity of variance assumption is met, divide the mean difference (M1 M2) by s1 or s2 Violation of the homogeneity of variance assumption requires calculation of Spooled Homogeneity assumed Cohen's d (M1 M2) s1 101 30(M1) 98 20(M2) (S1) 12 379 0 25 or Cohen's d (M1 M2) s2 (m1) 101 30 (M1)98 20 (S2) 14 880 0 21 To be comprehensive, report Cohen's d based on a calculation with s1 and a calculation with s2 Round the effect size to two decimal places Interpret Cohen's d

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Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference

Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper total Equal variances assumed 2.132 .147 1.157 103 .250 3.102 2.682 -2.217 8.420 Equal variances not assumed 1.111 74.084 .270 3.102 2.792 -2.461 8.665

The Levene test (homogeneity of variance assumption) and interpretation.
t, degrees of freedom, t value, and probability value. State whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. Interpret the results.
Calculate Cohen's d effect size from the SPSS output and interpret it. Specifically, if the homogeneity of variance assumption is met, divide the mean difference (M1 - M2) by s1 or s2. Violation of the homogeneity of variance assumption requires calculation of Spooled. Homogeneity assumed:
Cohen's d = (M1 - M2) s1; 101.30(M1)-98.20(M2)/(S1) 12.379 = 0.25 or Cohen's d = (M1 - M2) s2; (m1) 101.30 -(M1)98.20/(S2) 14.880= 0.21.
To be comprehensive, report Cohen's d based on a calculation with s1 and a calculation with s2. Round the effect size to two decimal places. Interpret Cohen's d.