Infection is initiated by ingestion of shigellae (usually via fecal-oral contamination). An early symptom, diarrhea (possibly elicited by enterotoxins and/or cytotoxin), may occur as the organisms pass through the small intestine. The hallmarks of shigellosis are bacterial invasion of the colonic epithelium and inflammatory colitis. These are interdependent processes amplified by local release of cytokines and by the infiltration of inflammatory elements. Colitis in the rectosigmoid mucosa, with concomitant malabsorption, results in the characteristic sign of bacillary dysentery: scanty,. unformed stools tinged with blood and mucus.

1. Is the lax the most prominent factor in the certain cellular genes?

2. Commend on the shape element of the virions of retrovirus

3. As far as the retrocirus is concerned, commend on the brief history as well as the pioneer

4. How could it be true to term the statement as true; Cervarix is highly effective in preventing HPV infections.

5. Relate the (CMI)to the anogenital neoplasias.

6. Explain the Condyloma acuminatum as agenital tract infection thoroughly

7. Explain on example that disease of the skin caused by papillomaviruses?

8. The assembly of virion of papillomavirus occurs in the?elaborate

9. How can you relate the single-stranded RNA to the Bunyaviridae Family?

10. What is the synthesis site for the Bunyavirus replication in the mitochondria?