Instruction; Answer the following 5 questions

1.There are various sources of knowledge that drive the information society.Some people rely on time-based knowing or traditional knowledge,credential-based knowing which is also known as authoritative knowledge,common sense and intuition.However,these are not scientific sources of knowledge.Identify and discuss the characteristics of scientific research as a trustworthy way of knowing.

2. List and describe the various types of research in terms of goal or purpose, design,time dimension,approach, and bases of logical reasoning.

3. Draw the difference between internal validity and external validity.Besides, discuss the different classes of reliability and the different types of validity. Finally,discuss the two major types of measurement errors,their causes,and possible solutions that should be undertaken by a researcher to minimize or avoid them.

4. The research task is often taken as a sequential process involving several clearly defined steps although some steps begin out of sequence and some are carried out simultaneously. Identify and describe the research process so that the research project can be undertaken in an orderly fashion as it unfolds.

5. Discuss the major differences between deductive and inductive studies. Besides, explain the specific differences between qualitative and quantitative research

methods. 6. Discuss the relevance of sampling and explain the characteristics of a good sample design. Besides, list and discuss the different types of probability and non-probability sampling methods.

7. Discuss the purpose of literature review and the different types of literature review. Besides, describe the taxonomy and the process of literature review.

8. Data preparation and analysis are critical activities in the research proces Discuss the various activities that should be undertaken by the researcher relat to data preparation and data analysis l.