Instructions:There are lots of techniques that we can use to try to calm down or relax when we are feeling anxious or tense. One strategy is deep breathing (see this link for some tips on deep breathing,https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/uz2255(Links to an external site.)

). A professor is interested in examining how deep breathing can influence feelings of anxiety. She recruits participants in her class right before the final exam, when their feelings of anxiety would be high. She measures their current levels of anxiety, instructs them to engage in 2 minutes of deep breathing, and then measures their anxiety again after they've completed the breathing. Below are the anxiety levels of each student before and after deep breathing. Your job is to determine if their anxiety levels significantly change before and after deep breathing.But, this week I'm going to give you a little break on the calculations! See the questions (below) for details!

Before Deep Breathing After Deep Breathing

20 14

19 15

15 15

13 10

13 8

12 7

11 2

The next step is to compute the test statistic. Here's where I'm going to help you out. I'm going to give you the t-value here (BUT I strongly encourage you to calculate this on your own for practice! Use the data above and work it out on your own).

t = 4.38

What is the critical value?

Explain when you would you use a dependent samplest-Test rather than an independent samplet-Test? What are the benefits and problems with each design? Be specific!

For the next two questions, you're going to design a study that uses a dependent samplest-Test design and a study that uses an independent samplest-Test. Be sure to base your two studies on the same general topic (in other words, apply the same research question to a study where you would use an independent samples t-test design and a study where you would use a dependent samples t test design).

What's your independent samples t-test study? Tell me your IV and how you would manipulate the IV, and your DV. This needs to be your own original study idea.

What's your dependent samples t-test study? Tell me your IV and how you would manipulate the IV, and your DV. This needs to be your own original study idea (and it needs to be the same general topic as your independent samples t-test study).