Investigate the application of transport phenomena principles, including diffusion, convection, and momentum transfer, in various industrial processes, and assess their impact on process efficiency and product quality. Additionally, analyze the role of thermodynamics in chemical engineering, focusing on phase equilibria, chemical equilibrium, and process optimization techniques such as energy integration and pinch analysis. Consider real$-$world examples of how these theoretical concepts are applied in the design and operation of chemical plants, and discuss the challenges and advancements in implementing sustainable and environmentally friendly practices within the field."