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ISA consist of the following steps, The Information System ( IS ) Audit process involves various steps that ensure the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (

ISA consist of the following steps, The Information System (IS) Audit process involves various steps that ensure the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) of information systems and validate the evidence collected during the audit. These steps include:
Planning: This initial phase involves understanding the organization's structure, systems, and processes. The auditor identifies the scope and objectives of the audit, ensuring it aligns with the CIA principles.
Risk Assessment: The auditor evaluates the risk factors associated with the information system. This assessment helps in identifying areas where the CIA of information may be compromised.
Control Evaluation: This step involves assessing the effectiveness of the organizations controls in ensuring the CIA of information systems. Controls include policies, procedures, and technical safeguards.
Testing: The auditor conducts various tests to ensure controls are functioning as intended. This may include penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, and reviewing access controls to ensure data confidentiality and integrity.
Evidence Collection: Auditors gather evidence to support their findings. This involves ensuring that the evidence is relevant, sufficient, and reliable to support the conclusions drawn.
Review of Compliance: Checking compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards that govern information security and data protection, to ensure the organization adheres to these requirements.
Reporting: The findings, including any weaknesses or deficiencies in the information system, are documented in a report. Recommendations for improvement are also provided, aimed at enhancing the CIA of the system.
Follow-Up: This final step involves verifying that all recommendations are implemented and that they effectively address the identified issues. 1. with the presense of the following steps, why there is a need to intergrate digital forensic to ISA? 2. Answer this based on why the steps are not sufficient and provide a solution of what need to be done? 3. Why the following steps not sufficient to esure a complete IS audit ant can be relied on?4. Use intext citation to support your answers this is for a phd research you much reference to the latest accademic papers.

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