It is common practice for airlines to overbook so that despite any no-shows or cancellations, each flight will still have as many occupied seats as possible, because an unoccupied seat represents lost revenue. When a flight has more passengers who are ready to fly than there are seats available, the airline will ask passengers to give up their seats (that is, be "offloaded") voluntarily, in exchange for compensation such as meal or accommodation vouchers and a ticket for a later flight. In the event that not enough passengers volunteer to be offloaded, the airline has no option other than to offload passengers involuntarily.

a) Analyse the ethicality of the airlines' policy using the various ethical theories discussed this semester. b) If a passenger who was involuntarily offloaded insisted on boarding the flight, do you think this behaviour should be considered unethical? Use ethical theories to explain why or why not.