Janis's concept of "mindguards" refers to:

a$)$ Group members who protect the leader's interests

b$)$ Individuals who protect the group from dissenting viewpoints

c$)$ The leader's psychological defense mechanisms

d$)$ The most outspoken members of the group

Which of the following is NOT a strategy recommended by Janis to prevent groupthink?

a$)$ Encouraging up leaders to assert their