Johnny identifies as a liberal progressive and gets much of his world news from liberal progressive media outlets that confirm his views. Joanna identifies as a conservative and gets much for her world news from conservative media outlets that confirm her views. These are both examples of:

A$.$ Information sampling by engaging in a simple random sample.

B$.$ Truth$-$seeking informational sampling

C$.$ Learning by effort justification

D$.$ Biased information sampling caused by cognitive consistency.

E$.$ All of the above