Kazue works in a department store. She has noticed that several of her coworkers avoid interacting with customers, take a lot of smoke breaks, and leave their sales areas messy and disorganized. When she discusses the situation with her manager, Rob, he says he will do something about it, but he does not. In fact, nothing changes until several customers file complaints in the space of a single week, at which point Rob takes disciplinary measures toward two of his employees. Rob is demonstrating

Multiple Choice

A. contingent reward leadership.

B. passive management-by-exception.

C. transactional leadership.

D. active management-by-exception.

E. laissez-faire leadership.