Kindly answer the question base on the sample text below. Also see the below the five flows of communication:

The Five Flows of Organizational Communication

The size, nature, and structure of an organization usually dictate which direction most of the information flows. For more established and traditional organizations, the information mostly flows upward and downward. For informal firms such as start-up companies, information can flow horizontally and diagonally.

1. Downward Flow of Communication- is through the organization's formal chain of command; it is from the higher levels to the lower levels.

The managers or superiors disseminate information to subordinates such as:

• providing feedback on employees' performance,
• giving instructions regarding tasks,
• highlighting areas of attention in the workflow or in job performance.

2. Upward Flow of Communication- also called vertical flow, the information comes from the frontline employees who pass it on to managers, supervisors, and directors of an organization to:

• provide feedback on how effective the operation of the organization is,
• clarify any unclear information that they have received, and
• participate in the decision-making process.

The common contents of the communication following this flow include proposals, progress reports, budget estimates, complaints and grievances. Consequently, those from the higher ranks can take appropriate action based on the employees' concerns.

3. Horizontal Flow of Communication- is a kind of information transmission between employees, divisions, departments, or units within the same level of hierarchy in an organization. This is often referred toas lateral communication.

Three categories of information transmitted through this kind of flow:

• Information regarding coordination of activities across various parts of an organization;
• Information about work activities at the same level; and
• Information regarding colleagues' feeling on work and work-related issues

4. Diagonal Flow of Communication- is an informal way (yet still accepted and recognized) of passing on information managers and employees of other workgroups or workers located in different functional divisions based on the objective of the communications, e.g. a finance department manager may communicate with the production supervisor to increase the efficiency of a particular decision-making process. This flow has existed due to the changing structure of some workplaces nowadays in the form of project-based tasks and groups and temporary divisions which do not appear in the official organizational chart.

5. External Flow of Communication- this occurs between a manager of a particular company and other sectors outside the company, such as banks, suppliers, vendors, and financial institutions, to:

• conduct profitable business transactions;
• promote sales and publicity; to generate sponsorship; to launch events, products, or services; and to support branding.

Marketing professionals can employ external communication strategies, such as the use of emails, posters, advertisements, brochures, and other forms of multimedia marketing (Study.com,n.d.).

From: Steve Jansen To: All Employees Date: September 12, 20XX Subject: Working at Heights Training Dear Colleagues: Please sign up for the next available Working At Heights training offered free of charge by the company. Working At Heights train- ing is a program offered to all employees who must work on con- struction projects. As you know, our company wants to ensure your safety when working at heights and abide by a recent Ontario occupational health and safety regulations that aim to protect the well being of workers. If you are working at heights and have not as yet taken this train- ing, please sign up for the next workshop scheduled for Friday, October 9 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. For more information on the Working At Heights training program, please visit https:/worksitesafety.ca/ Please let me know if you will attend by filling out the attached form. Steve Jansen T Activate Windows CEO, APL Construction, Inc. Go to Settings to activat