King Solomon is a rich farmer in Tetebia, a town in the Asou Municipal Assembly. He owns over 100,000 hectares of farmlands. However, he fears the worst might happen and wants to do some investments to secure his future and that of his children. He is contemplating some long-term investments he could undertake to secure his future and that if his children. He is now 50 years old and he plans to retire in 10 years from active farm work. He expects to live for another 25 years after he retires that is, until age 85. He was advised by a friend that an investment in the financial market will help him plan his retirement well. He has no idea about financial markets and how they operate. You recently graduated from the School of Graduate Studies, University of Professional Studies, Accra and have just reported to work as an investment advisor at the brokerage firm of Cenden Ltd. King Solomon has approached your company for advice. Your boss, after a discussion with King Solomon gathered the following information. King Solomon wants his first retirement payment to have the same purchasing power at the time he retires as GH 40,000 has today. He wants all of his subsequent retirement payments to be equal to his first retirement payment. (Do not let the retirement payments grow with inflation: King Solomon realizes that the real value of his retirement income will decline year by year after he retires.) His retirement income will begin the day he retires, 10 years from today, and he will then receive 24 additional annual payments. Inflation is expected to be 5% per year from today forward. He currently has GH 100,000 saved up, and he expects to earn a return on his savings of 8% per year with annual compounding.

Again, he wants to have a secured university education for his lovely daughter, Daisy. His daughter is now 13 years old. She plans to enroll at the University of Professional Studies, Accra, in 5 years, and it should take her 4 years to complete her education. Currently, the cost per year (for everything her food, clothing, tuition, books, transportation, and so forth) is GH 12,000 per year. This cost is expected to remain constant throughout the four-year university education. The daughter recently received GH 7,500 from her grandfathers (King Davids) estate; this money will be invested at a rate of 8% to help meet the costs of Daisys education. The rest of the costs will be met by money King Solomon will deposit in a savings account, which will also earn 8 percent compound interest per year. He will make 5 equal deposits into the account, one deposit per annum starting one year from now until his daughter starts university. These deposits will begin one year from now. (Assume that school fees are paid at the beginning of the year).

Again, King Solomon is interested in buying a bond issued by Zenzo Pharma Ltd. Zenzo Pharma intends to use the proceeds of the bonds to finance the production of its new vaccine for COVID 19. The bond has a face value of GH10,000 at a coupon rate of 12% and a term to maturity of 10 years. The bond expects to pay coupons annually. Included in the bond indenture are call and sinking fund provisions. The required rate of return on the market for bonds with similar features is 18% per annum. Your boss had asked you to advice King Solomon based on the information he provided.

Required

1. Explain to King Solomon what call provisions and sinking fund provisions are and how these provisions are expected to affect the risk of the bond

b. Which value will you place on a bond of Zenzo Pharma Ltd?