$($Language death$)$ Thousands of the world$$s languages are vanishing at

an alarming rate, with $90$ percent of them being expected to disappear by the end

of this century. Abrams and Strogatz $(2003)$ proposed the following model of language competition, and compared it to historical data on the decline of Welsh,

Scottish Gaelic, Quechua $($the most common surviving indigenous language in the

Americas$),$ and other endangered languages.