Leaving home for the first time and going off to college is an exciting and stressful time for tens of thousands of students across the U.S. each year. Leaving the familiarity of family, friends, and community behind and entering an often much more diverse community filled with people with different social, political, religious, racial, national, and sexual orientation backgrounds can create challenges. Luckily, there is currently an effort across the United States to reduce the impact of potential biases by educating people on and promoting the benefits of having diversity in communities, businesses, schools, and social groups people belong to. These efforts are more commonly known as Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Initiatives. One example of a college that seems to have it right with respect to EDI policies is the University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire. A brief review of those policies and programs appear in Exhibit 1.

EXHIBIT 1Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policies and Programs at UWEC

Faculty and staff at the University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire (UWEC) have incorporated EDI initiatives into their core mission. The core mission is to create (an) inclusive community where all students thrive and find the programs and support needed to reach their full potential. Too often, members of underrepresented groups feel alienated and/or are unconsciously or consciously discriminated against resulting in them transferring schools or dropping out completely.

To operationalize this mission, the faculty, staff, and administration came together setting goals surrounding student enrollment and retainment specifically for underrepresented groups. The faculty have common language surrounding EDI within all course syllabi and encourage all their students to help make the classroom environment more welcoming and inclusive to all. They have all agreed to participate in EDI initiatives in some way and to have that participation be a part of their annual performance review. In 2017, they created the first office of EDI and hired an Assistant Chancellor of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion to lead the effort.

UWEC has also developed a 12-week training program called Circles of Change to start an open inperson dialogue about race throughout the region the university is located within. Launched as a pilot in the Spring of 2017, the fall of 2017 had more than 120 people participating in Circles of Change action groups, gathering weekly to discuss race relations on campus and in the community.

"The goal is to help make the Chippewa Valley a more welcoming place for everyone."

As discussed in Chapter 2, some people have unconscious biases and stereotypical beliefs that can lead to making poor decisions. This can be magnified by instances of bias on college campuses. Many colleges and universities across the country have implemented freshman orientation programs to help students transition into college life and to make them feel welcome.

There is a need for diversity and inclusivity training. During 2017, there were many reported instances of racial bias through the use of racial slurs on college and university campuses. Many were reported during the September to December 2017 period, magnifying the growing need for EDI programs on campus. The following examples were chosen not only to illustrate the hateful speech but to describe admirable responses by the universities affected.

1. At Eastern Michigan University, racial fliers promoting a white supremacist organization were found posted on several buildings. Officials removed them because they ran counter to the school's values. According to a spokesperson, "The fliers and the hateful, racist causes they promote run completely counter to Eastern's core values of diversity, inclusiveness and respect."¹

2. At Cabrini University in Radnor, PA, a number of instances were reported of the words

"N-word go away" written on the dormitory room door of a female black student and a second occurrence stating "go away too" just a few days later. The reaction of the university was: "As we ensure a thorough investigation into the incident, we want to remind everyone that hate has no home on our campus hate speech of any kind goes against who we are as an institution and as a diverse community of learners."² page 112

3. A few racial incidents occurred between October and December 2017 at Framingham State University in Framingham, MA. In one such incident, a flyer defaced with racially offensive writing was found under an African-American student's door. The President of

the University responded: "Framingham State University draws strength from its diversity. We are an institution where individuals of differing cultures, perspectives, and experiences are welcomed, respected, valued and supported. In response to recent events, we must not allow those with hate in their hearts to divide us. The best way to stand up to this type of vile behavior is by uniting as a community against it."³

4. Flyers containing a racist slogan and anti-African-American imagery were found at the University of Texas at Austin. The flyers depict a racist caricature of a black man holding a knife and bear the words "Around blacks . . . never relax." The University was quick to condemn such hatred and pointed to their new Hate and Bias Policy that addresses such issues.⁴

A good illustration of a proactive response to incidents of hatred occurred at the University of

Hartford in West Hartford, CT. In response to an incident of racial harassment and bullying, Gregory Woodward, president of the University, stated that "the harsh reality is that racism in America is part of our reality. It is here on our campus and on campuses across the country. We are a reflection of the society at large. It is disturbing and inexcusable, and needs our constant attention and vigilance. We must all speak up, speak out, and be relentless in our pursuit of a more inclusive environment for our students. Acts of racism, bias, or other abusive behaviors will not be tolerated in any way, shape, or form on this campus."⁵

QUESTION.

1. Identify stakeholders and obligations.

2. Identify Ethical Dilemma and Ethical Reasoning Theories

3. Identify core (professional) values/virtues.

4. Identify operational and accounting issues

5. Chooses an alternative course of action and defends option selected from an ethical reasoning perspective (i.e. rights, justice, virtue) after considering the consequence.

6. Identify the consequences of options.