Letters of Credit Ocean Traders of North America is a firm based in Mobile, Alabama, that specializes in seafood exports and commonly uses letters of credit (L/Cs) to ensure payment. It recently experienced a problem, however. Ocean Traders had an irrevocable L/C issued by a Russian bank to ensure that it would receive payment upon shipment of 16,000 tons of fish to a Russian firm. This bank backed out of its obligation, however, stating that it was not authorized to guarantee commercial transactions.

Explain how an irrevocable L/C would normally facilitate the business transaction between the Russian importer and Ocean Traders of North America (the U.S. exporter).

Explain how the cancellation of the L/C could create a trade crisis between the U.S. and Russian firms.

Why do you think situations like this (the cancellation of the L/C) are rare in industrialized countries?

Can you think of any alternative strategy that the U.S. exporter could have used to protect itself better when dealing with a Russian importer?