Question
Lockheed Corporation reported EBITDA of $4,000 million in the year just ended (year 0), prior to interest expenses of $1,000 million and depreciation charges of
Lockheed Corporation reported EBITDA of $4,000 million in the year just ended (year 0), prior to interest expenses of $1,000 million and depreciation charges of $600 million. Capital expenditures in the year just ended amounted to $1,000 million, and working capital was 8% of revenues (which was $20,000 million). The tax rate for the firm was 40%.
The firm had debt outstanding of $18.00 billion (in book value terms), trading at a market value of $20.0 billion and yield a pre-tax interest rate of 8%.
There were 100 million shares outstanding, trading at $250 per share, and the most recent beta was 1.20. The Treasury bond rate was 3%, and the market risk premium was 6.5%.
The firm expected revenues, earnings (EBITDA) and depreciation to grow at 10% a year from the current year (year 0) to year 3, after which the growth rate was expected to drop to 3% a year forever.
Capital expenditures will also grow at 10% a year from year 0 to year 3, but capital spending will be 120% of depreciation in the steady state period. The company also planned to lower its debt/equity ratio to 60% for the steady state which will result in the pretax interest rate dropping to 6%. As a result of the lowering of the firms debt/equity ratio, the beta of the firm is also expected to decline.
- Estimate the free cash flow to the firm. (40pts)
Year 0 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |
Growth Rate |
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EBITDA |
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Depreciation |
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EBIT |
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Taxes |
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EBIT(1-T) |
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Capital Expenditures |
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Revenues |
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Working Capital Required |
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Change in Working Capital |
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Free Cash Flow to Firm |
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- Compute the beta of the firm after Year 3. (4pts)
- Determine the Cost of Equity and WACC for the Period from Year 0 to Year 3, and the Cost of Equity and WACC after Year 3. (16pts)
Cost of Equity Before Year 3 =
WACC Before Year 3 =
Cost of Equity After Year 3 =
WACC After Year 3 =
- Estimate the Terminal Value of the Firm in Year 3. (3pts)
- List the free cash flows to the firm (FCFF). FCFF in Year 3 should include the terminal value. (3pts)
Year | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Free Cash Flow to Firm |
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- Estimate the Enterprise Value of Lockheed (value of the firm). (4pts)
- Lockheed has $800 million in cash, and it also owns 10% of the stock of ABC Corporation. ABC Corporation has 100 million shares outstanding, and its shares are trading at $50/share. Estimate the Market Value of Equity, and estimate the current share price of Lockheed. (6pts)
(Hint: Solve for the value of equity from the following relation:
Enterprise Value = Market Value of Equity + Market Value of Debt Cash & Investments)
- Briefly explain your recommendation for the stock of the company. (4pts)
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