Many companies, such as IBM, have turned to multiple sales channels to sell their products and services. Companies that use multiple sales channels find that this choice has which of the following effects?

a$.$ Using multiple channels causes synergy, although it takes planning to make sure the channels complement each other instead of competing.

b$.$ Using multiple channels causes harmony, as all the channels use the same salespeople.

c$.$ Using multiple channels causes confusion, both for the customer and the sales force.

d$.$Using multiple channels causes efficiency, as all the channels are managed by the same person.

e$.$ Using multiple channels causes hostility, because the different channels bring commissions down for salespeople.