Media Bias Inc. issued bonds 10 years ago at $1,000 per bond. These bonds had a 30-year life when issued and the annual interest payment was then 11 percent. This return was in line with the required returns by bondholders at that point in time as described below: Real rate of return 2 % Inflation premium 4 Risk premium 5 Total return 11 % Assume that 10 years later, due to good publicity, the risk premium is now 3 percent and is appropriately reflected in the required return (or yield to maturity) of the bonds. The bonds have 20 years remaining until maturity.

Appendix B Present value of $1, PV, PV = FV (1+1 Period 10% 0.909 0.826 0.751 0.683 1% 0.990 0.980 0.971 0.961 0.951 0.942 0.933 0.923 0.914 0.905 0.896 0.887 0.879 0.870 0.861 0.853 0.844 0.836 0.828 0.820 0.780 0.742 0.672 0.608 2% 0.980 0.961 0.942 0.924 0.906 0.888 0.871 0.853 0.837 0.820 0.804 0.788 0.773 0.758 0.743 0.728 0.714 0.700 0.686 0.673 0.610 0.552 0.453 0.372 3% 0.971 0.943 0.915 0.888 0.863 0.837 0.813 0.789 0.766 0.744 0.722 0.701 0.681 0.661 0.642 0.623 0.605 0.587 0.570 0.554 0.478 0.412 0.307 0.228 4% 0.962 0.925 0.889 0.855 0.822 0.790 0.760 0.731 0.703 0.676 0.650 0.625 0.601 0.577 0.555 0.534 0.513 0.494 0.475 0.456 0.375 0.308 0.208 0.141 5% 0.952 0.907 0.864 0.823 0.784 0.746 0.711 0.677 0.645 0.614 0.585 0.557 0.530 0.505 0.481 0.458 0.436 0.416 0.396 0.377 0.295 0.231 0.142 0.087 Percent 6% 7% 0.943 0.935 0.890 0.873 0.840 0.816 0.792 0.763 0.747 0.713 0.705 0.666 0.665 0.623 0.627 0.582 0.592 0.544 0.558 0.508 0.527 0.475 0.497 0.444 0.469 0.415 0.442 0.388 0.417 0.362 0.394 0.339 0.371 0.317 0.350 0.296 0.331 0.277 0.312 0.258 0.233 0.184 0.174 0.131 0.097 0.067 0.054 0.034 8% 0.926 0.857 0.794 0.735 0.681 0.630 0.583 0.540 0.500 0.463 0.429 0.397 0.368 0.340 0.315 0.292 0.270 0.250 0.232 0.215 0.146 0.099 0.046 0.021 9% 0.917 0.842 0.772 0.708 0.650 0.596 0.547 0.502 0.460 0.422 0.388 0.356 0.326 0.299 0.275 0.252 0.231 0.212 0.194 0.178 0.116 0.075 0.032 0.013 11% 0.901 0.812 0.731 0.659 0.593 0.535 0.482 0.434 0.391 0.352 0.317 0.286 0.258 0.232 0.209 0.188 0.170 0.153 0.138 0.124 0.074 0.044 0.015 0.005 0.621 0.564 0.513 0.467 0.424 0.386 0.350 0.319 0.290 0.263 0.239 0.218 0.198 0.180 0.164 0.149 0.092 0.057 0.022 0.009 12% 0.893 0.797 0.712 0.636 0.567 0.507 0.452 0.404 0.361 0.322 0.287 0.257 0.229 0.205 0.183 0.163 0.146 0.130 0.116 0.104 0.059 0.033 0.011 0.003 ....... (1 + i) Appendix D Present value of an annuity of $1, PVC PVA Period 1% 0.990 1.970 2.941 3.902 4.853 5.795 6.728 7.652 8.566 9.471 10.368 11.255 12.134 13.004 13.865 14.718 15.562 16.398 17.226 18.046 22.023 25.808 32.835 39.196 2% 0.980 1.942 2.884 3.808 4.713 5.601 6.472 7.325 8.162 8.983 9.787 10.575 11.348 12.106 12.849 13.578 14.292 14.992 15.678 16.351 19.523 22.396 27.355 31.424 3% 0.971 1.913 2.829 3.717 4.580 5.417 6.230 7.020 7.786 8.530 9.253 9.954 10.635 11.296 11.938 12.561 13.166 13.754 14.324 14.877 17.413 19.600 23.115 25.730 4% 0.962 1.886 2.775 3.630 4.452 5.242 6.002 6.733 7.435 8.111 8.760 9.385 9.986 10.563 11.118 11.652 12.166 12.659 13.134 13.590 15.622 17.292 19.793 21.482 5% 0.952 1.859 2.723 3.546 4.329 5.076 5.786 6.463 7.108 7.722 8.306 8.863 9.394 9.899 10.380 10.838 11.274 11.690 12.085 12.462 14.094 15.372 17.159 18.256 Percent 6% 7% 0.943 0.935 1.833 1.808 2.673 2.624 3.465 3.387 4.212 4.100 4.917 4.767 5.582 5.389 6.210 5.971 6.802 6.515 7.360 7.024 7.887 7.499 8.384 7.943 8.853 8.358 9.295 8.745 9.712 9.108 10.106 9.447 10.477 9.763 10.828 10.059 11.158 10.336 11.470 10.594 12.783 11.654 13.765 12.409 15.046 1 3.332 15.762 13.801 8% 0.926 1.783 2.577 3.312 3.993 4.623 5.206 5.747 6.247 6.710 7.139 7.536 7.904 8.244 8.559 8.851 9.122 9.372 9.604 9.818 10.675 11.258 11.925 12.233 9% 0.917 1.759 2.531 3.240 3.890 4.486 5.033 5.535 5.995 6.418 6.805 7.161 7.487 7.786 8.061 8.313 8.544 8.756 8.950 9.129 9.823 10.274 10.757 10.962 10% 0.909 1.736 2.487 3.170 3.791 4.355 4.868 5.335 5.759 6.145 6.495 6.814 7.103 7.367 7.606 7.824 8.022 8.201 8.365 8.514 9.077 9.427 9.779 9.915 11% 0.901 1.713 2.444 3.102 3.696 4.231 4.712 5.146 5.537 5.889 6.207 6.492 6.750 6.982 7.191 7.379 7.549 7.702 7.839 7.963 8.422 8.694 .951 9.042 12% 0.893 1.690 2.402 3.037 3.605 4.111 4.564 4.968 5.328 5.650 5.938 6.194 6.424 6.628 6.811 6.974 7.120 7.250 7.366 7.469 7.843 8.055 8.244 8.304 8