membership changes over time, demands are made on the group from outside forces, and climate or physical setting act on the group

This is present when the whole of the group is greater than the sum of its parts

The idea that a system's final state can be reached by multiple paths and from different initial starting points

Group members themselves, available resources, members' knowledge$/$skills$/$interests$,$ group goals & tasks, results of group processes

Openness to environment

Interdependence

Input & Output Variables

Synergy

Entropy

Equifinality