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Most of the concrete used in the construction of buildings, roads, dams, and bridges is made from Portland cement, a substance obtained by pulverizing the
Most of the concrete used in the construction of buildings, roads, dams, and bridges is made from Portland cement, a substance obtained by pulverizing the hard, granular residue (clinker) from the roasting of a mixture of clay and limestone and adding other materials to modify the setting properties of the cement and the mechanical properties of the concrete. The charge to a Portland cement rotary kiln contains 17% of a dried building clay (72 wt% SiO2, 16% Al2O3, 7% Fe,03, 1.7% K20, 3.3% Na2O) and 83% limestone (95 wt% CaCO3, 5% impurities). When the solid temperature reaches about 900C, calcination of the limestone to lime (Cao) and carbon dioxide occurs. As the temperature continues to rise to about 1450C, the lime reacts with the minerals in the clay to form such compounds as 3Cao SiO2, 3CaO Al2O3, and 4CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3. The flow rate of CO2 from the kiln is 1350 m3/h at 1000C and 1 atm. Calculate the feed rates of clay and limestone (kg/h) and the weight percent of Fe,O3 in the final cement
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