My wife deliberately sets the very accurate bathroom scale in our house so it always reads exactly 5 pounds less than our actual weight. Which of these is the best description of the measurements produced by this scale. (Warning: pay attention to the definitions used in the lecture!)

a. Valid, reliable, unbiased.

b. Invalid, reliable, unbiased.

c. Valid, unreliable, unbiased.

d. Invalid, reliable, biased.

e. Valid, unreliable, biased.

f. Valid, reliable, biased.

g. Invalid, unreliable, unbiased.