Myers Manufacturing Inc. wants to build a booth for painting the boxes it makes for small transformers used to power neon signs. The company can choose either a solvent-based or a powder-based paint process. The following table summarizes the costs and investment required by each approach:

	Solvent-Paint Process				Powder-Paint Process
Initial investment	$	400,000			$	1,200,000
Unit paint cost	$	0.19			$	0.20
Estimated life in years		10				10
Annual units		2,000,000				2,000,000

The firm will incur additional environmental costs with the solvent paint process but not with the powder paint process. The firm estimates annual environmental costs for the solvent paint process as follows:

	Units				Unit Cost
Monthly pit cleaning		12			$	1,000
Hazardous waste disposal		183				3,000
Superfund fee		18,690				0.17
Worker training		2				1,500
Insurance		1				10,000
Amortization of air-emission permit		0.2				1,000
Air-emission fee		44.6				25
Recordkeeping		0.25				45,000
Wastewater treatment		1				50,000

The firm estimates its after-tax cost of capital to be 12%. Either system is a 10-year property under MACRS (see text Exhibit 12.4). The firm pays a total of 40% in income taxes.

Required:

1. What is the total cost, in present value terms, of the Solvent-Paint System?

2. What is the total cost, in present value terms, of the Powder-Paint System?

3. What is the most the firm should be willing to pay for the powder-based process?