Question
Naming Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Information: Alkanes are hydrocarbons that do not contain multiple bonds. The first ten straight-chain alkanes are shown in Table 1. Table
Naming Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Information: Alkanes are hydrocarbons that do not contain multiple bonds. The first ten straight-chain alkanes are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Names and structures of the first ten straight-chain alkanes (and alkyl groups)
Condensed Structure | Name of alkane | Stick Structure | Alkyl group Condensed Structure | Name of alkyl group substituent |
CH4 | Methane | none | -CH3 | methyl |
CH3CH3 | Ethane | -CH2CH3 | ethyl | |
CH3CH2CH3 | Propane | -CH2CH2CH3 | propyl | |
CH3CH2CH2CH3 | Butane | -CH2CH2CH2CH3 |
| |
CH3(CH2)3CH3 | Pentane | -CH2(CH2)3CH3 |
| |
CH3(CH2)4CH3 | Hexane | -CH2(CH2)4CH3 |
| |
CH3(CH2)5CH3 | Heptane |
| -CH2(CH2)5CH3 |
|
CH3(CH2)6CH3 |
|
| -CH2(CH2)6CH3 | octyl |
CH3(CH2)7CH3 |
|
|
| nonyl |
CH3(CH2)8CH3 |
|
|
| decyl |
Another way to draw structures of organic compounds is by drawing their Lewis structure, as shown below. (Note: we learned how to draw Lewis structures last semester).
Ethane
Critical Thinking Questions
Draw a complete Lewis structure for propane.
Complete
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