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44. In the Case in Point entitled "Might Increased Structural Unemployment Explain the 'Jobless Recovery" Following the 2001 Recession," economists Erica Goshen and Simon Potter note that when a layoff is temporary, the employer "suspends" the job, due to slack demand, and the employee expects to be recalled once demand picks up. With a permanent layoff, the employer eliminates the job. Which of the following statements is consistent with their observations? a. Both temporary and permanent layoffs create cyclical unemployment. b. Both temporary and permanent layoffs create structural unemployment. c. Temporary layoffs create structural unemployment while permanent layoffs create cyclical unemployment. d. Temporary layoffs create cyclical unemployment while permanent layoffs create structural unemployment. Exhibit: Income Distribution in the United States Income Distribution in the United States Quintile 1968 Income 2010 Income Share Share Lowest 20% 4.2% 3.3% Second 20% 11. 8.5 Third 20% 17.5 14.6 Fourth 20% 24.5 23.4 Highest 20% 42.8 50.2 Top 5% 16.6 21.7 45. (Exhibit: Income Distribution in the United States) In 2010, the lowest percent of the families received of the income. a. 8.5; 20 b. 20; 20 c. 40; 1 1.8 d. 40; 8.5 46. A firm increases its purchases of a factor of production in a perfectly competitive market from 10 units to 1 1 units. If the market price of the factor is $10 per unit, the marginal factor cost for the tenth unit is: a. $10. b. $20. c. $100. d. $110