Nios II Assembly, https://cpulator.01xz.net/?sys=nios-de10-lite :

Assume the following function is called with sp -0x10 main: addi stw addi sp, sp, -0x10 fp, 12 (sp) fp, sp, 0xc stw r4, -12(fp) stw r3, -8(fp) stw r2,-4(fp) After these instructions execute, what is the layout of the stack? Address 0xc 0x8 0x4 0x0 After these instructions: fp will point to address sp will point to address 0x0 0x4 0x8 OxC 0x10 Assume the following function is called with sp -0x10 main: addi stw addi sp, sp, -0x10 fp, 12 (sp) fp, sp, 0xc stw r4, -12(fp) stw r3, -8(fp) stw r2,-4(fp) After these instructions execute, what is the layout of the stack? Address 0xc 0x8 0x4 0x0 After these instructions: fp will point to address sp will point to address 0x0 0x4 0x8 OxC 0x10