Northwood Company manufactures a basketball selling for $25 per unit in a small plant heavily relying on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.

Last year, the company sold 30,750 balls, with the following results:

Sales (30,750 balls) $768,750

Variable expenses $461,250

Contribution margin $307,500

Fixed expenses $214,200

Net operating income $93,300

Required:

1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last years sales level.
2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates next year's variable expenses will increase by $3 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?
3. Refer to the data in requirement 2. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $93,300, as last year?
4. Refer again to the data in requirement 2. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?
5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the companys new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?
6. Refer to the data in requirement 5.
   1. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $93,300, as last year?
   2. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 30,750 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.

Req 1

Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last years sales level.

Note: Round "Unit sales to break even" up to the nearest whole unit and other answers to 2 decimal places.

Req 2

Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates next year's variable expenses will increase by $3 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?

Note: Round "CM Ratio" to 2 decimal places and round "Unit sales to break even" up to the nearest whole unit.

Req 3

Refer to the data in requirement 2. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $93,300, as last year?

Note: Round your answer up to the nearest whole unit.

Req 4

Refer again to the data in requirement 2. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?

Note: Round your answer to 2 decimal places.

Req 5

Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the companys new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?

Note: Round "CM Ratio" to 2 decimal places and round "Unit sales to break even" up to the nearest whole unit.

Req 6A

Refer to the data in requirement 5. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $93,300, as last year?

Note: Round your answer up to the nearest whole unit.

Req 6B

Refer to the data in requirement 5. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 30,750 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.

Note: Round "Degree of operating leverage" to 2 decimal places.

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline CM ratio & & % \\ \hline Unit sales to break even & & balls \\ \hline Degree of operating leverage & & \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline CM ratio & & % \\ \hline Unit sales to break even & & balls \\ \hline \end{tabular} Number of balls Selling price Number of balls \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ Northwood Company } \\ \hline Contribution Income Statement \\ \hline & \\ \hline & \\ \hline & \\ \hline & \\ \hline Degree of operating leverage & \\ \hline \end{tabular}