NOTE: THEese questions are un context of fuels and combustion, flow rate chemical Numericals

Plz explain the below concepts $($ maybe using simple analogies, so I can understand principles behind solving these based numericals$)$ plz explain in detail

Q$.$

$*$specific heat

$*$HHV$/$LHV

$*$specific entropy

$*$enthalpy of formation$)$ vaporization

Q$.$what its meant when said balancing Stoicmetric In chemical reactions $?!$ What is Balancing equations??$)$