Okay, I am having some major trouble with some finance questions. I have gotten 80% of this homework completed, but I can't seem to figure out how they are getting the numbers on these two questions. I would love any help/guidance.

Ross Textiles wishes to measure its cost of common stock equity. Thefirm's stock is currently selling for $31.55

The firm expects to pay a $3.41 dividend at the end of the year(2016). The dividends for the past 5 years are shown in the followingtable:

Year Dividend per Share

2015 $3.08

2014 $2.78

2013 $2.44

2012 $2.18

2011 $2.06

After underpricing and flotationcosts, the firm expects to net $28.71

a.Determine the growth rate of dividends from 2011 to 2015.

b. Determine the netproceeds, Nn, that the firm will actually receive.

c.Using theconstant-growth valuationmodel, determine the cost of retainedearnings,

d.Using theconstant-growth valuationmodel, determine the cost of new commonstock,