Why is Euler critical load always greater than practical buckling load in a column in a real structure? (10 Points) (b) Calculate compression design strength of HE 500 A for the following cases: KL=11.0 m and F-355 MPa i. ii. KL=11.0 m, and F=275 MPa iii. KL=5.0 m and F-355 MPa iv. KL=5.0 m and F-275 MPa Why are the capacities of the columns are the same for KL-11.0 m, but different for KL=5.0 m when the steel grades are different (15 Points) (c) Why is, K, effective length factor, always less than one in braced frames? (10 Points) What does G-0 define in the alignment charts? (5 Points) What does G-infinity define in the alignment chart? (5 Points) (e)