On January 1, 2011, Enstein Corp. issued $30,000,000 3-year, 8% bonds at a market (effective interest rate of 9% receiving a cash of $29,469,097. Interest on the bonds is payable semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Lastly, principal payments are made every December 31.

1) How much is the total cash to be paid on December 31, 2011?

2) Using the straight-line method, how much is the total interest expense that should be reported in the income statement of December 31, 2013?