One study experimented with the order of cognitive "organizers" that structure material for learners. A group of 30 students was randomly split into three groups of 10 each. Group 1 received organizing material before studying instructional materials on mathematics; group 2 received the organizing material after studying mathematics; group 3 received mathematics material, but received no organizing material. On a ten-item test on mathematics covered during the experiment, the scores presented below were earned by students in the three conditions.

Is there any evidence that "organizers" influenced student achievement in mathematics? Use ANOVA for this analysis.

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 ( No (Organizer prior to (Organizer after organizer) instruction) instruction) IN A DOW WOOW UW 10 6 Note. Higher scores indicate better achievement