Pacifico Company, a U.S.-based importer of beer and wine, purchased 1,900 cases of Oktoberfest-style beer from a German supplier for 551,000 euros. Relevant U.S. dollar exchange rates for the euro are as follows: Date August 15 September 30 October 15 Spot Rate $ 1.45 1.50 1.53 Forward Rate to October 15 $ 1.51 1.54 1.53 (spot) Call Option Premium for October 15 (strike price $1.45) $ 0.05 0.06 N/A The company closes its books and prepares third-quarter financial statements on September 30. a. Assume that the beer arrived on August 15, and the company made payment on October 15. There was no attempt to hedge the exposure to foreign exchange risk. Prepare journal entries to account for this import purchase. b. Assume that the beer arrived on August 15, and the company made payment on October 15. On August 15, the company entered into a two-month forward contract to purchase 551,000 euros. The company designated the forward contract as a cash flow hedge of a foreign currency payable. Forward points are excluded in assessing hedge effectiveness and amortized to net income using a straight-line method on a monthly basis. Prepare journal entries to account for the import purchase and foreign currency forward contract. c. Assume that the company ordered the beer on August 15. The beer arrived and the company paid for it on October 15. On August 15, the company entered into a two-month forward contract to purchase 551,000 euros. The company designated the forward contract as a fair value hedge of a foreign currency firm commitment. The fair value of the firm commitment is measured by referring to changes in the forward rate. Forward points are not excluded in assessing hedge effectiveness. Prepare journal entries to account for the foreign currency forward contract, foreign currency firm commitment, and import purchase. d. Assume that the company ordered the beer on August 15. The beer arrived and the company paid for it on October 15. On August 15, the company purchased a two-month call option on 551,000 euros. The company designated the option as a fair value hedge of a foreign currency firm commitment. The fair value of the firm commitment is measured by referring to changes in the spot rate. The time value of the option is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, and the change in time value is recognized in net income over the life of the option. Prepare journal entries to account for the foreign currency option, foreign currency firm commitment, and import purchase.