Padma Bridge Transportation System Database

The construction of the Padma Bridge, a monumental infrastructure project connecting two regions,

necessitates the development of a sophisticated transportation system to manage the flow of vehicles,

toll collection, and passenger information. The database will play a pivotal role in overseeing key

aspects such as toll booths, vehicles, passengers, and routes.

Toll booths are integral entities, each identified by a unique booth number and equipped with

attributes like location, toll rates, and operational status. The Padma Bridge Transportation System

includes multiple types of vehicles, ranging from cars to heavy trucks. Vehicles are identified by

license plates, and their attributes include vehicle type, owner information, and payment history.

Passengers utilizing the bridge services are registered in the system through unique passenger ID$.$

Passenger attributes encompass personal details, contact information, and a smart card ID for toll

payments. As vehicles approach the toll booths, the system records toll transactions, capturing the

time, toll booth used, and the amount paid.

To enhance traffic management and optimize the use of the bridge, the database incorporates

information on routes. Routes specify the entry and exit points of vehicles onto the bridge, and some

vehicles may follow specific express routes with limited stops. The relationships between toll booths,

vehicles, passengers, and routes must be carefully modeled to ensure seamless operations and

efficient data retrieval.

In consideration of environmental sustainability, the transportation system is exploring the

integration of electronic toll collection $($ETC$)$ for vehicles equipped with RFID technology. The

database will need to store information related to ETC$-$enabled vehicles, RFID tags, and transactions,

allowing for quick and contactless toll payments.

Questions:

Identify the entities in this scenario. Define the relationships between the entities. List the

attributes for each entity. Determine the cardinalities of the relationships.

Using CHEN notation, draw an Entity$-$Relationship Diagram $($ERD$)$ for the given scenario.

Discuss if any generalization concept could be applied in this scenario, particularly in the

context of integrating digital ID cards, and justify your answer.