Part III: Information Systems Beyond the Organization Chapter 13: Trends in Information Systems Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this chapter, you will be able to: . describe current trends in information systems. . know how to think about the impacts of changes in technology on society and culture.the 19905 and evolving into the smartphones of today, the growth of mobile has mcmasc Font size A been overwhelming. Here are some key indicators of this trend: 0 Mobile vs. Desktop. Minutes spent each day on a mobile device are 2.5 times the number of minutes spent on a desktop computer. 0 Daytime vs. Evening. Desktop use dominates in the daytime hours, but mo- bile devices are dominant in the evening, with peak usage around 8:00 pm. . Device usage. Smartphones are used more than any other technology. Laptops are in second place. followed by tablets holding a slight edge over desktops. @ o Smartphone sales decline. According to Gartner Group. world wide smart phone sales declined in the fourth quarter of 2017 by 4.7% compared with the fourth quarter of 2016. This is the rst decline in global smartphone sales since Gartner began tracking mobile phone sales in 2004. w o The rise and fall of tablets. In 2012 the iPad sold more than three times as many units in its rst twelve months as the iPhone did in its rst twelve months. However, tablet sales dropped 20% from the fourth quarter 2015 to fourth quarter 2016. w The decline in tablet sales continued into 2017 when rst quarter sales dropped 8.5% to their lowest total since the third quarter of 2012. the year they were introduced. H In comparison, PC sales dropped only 1.7% in 2017 compared with tablet sales being \"10%. H Increase Font Size dropped 8.5% to their lowest total since the third quarter of 2012, the year they were introduced. [2 In comparison, PC sales dropped only 1.7% in 2017 compared with tablet sales being down 10%. [13] As discussed in chapter 5, the advent of 5G connection technologies will acceler- ate an "always-connected" state for a majority of people around the world. Wearable The average smartphone user looks at his or her smartphone 150 times a day for functions such as messaging (23 times), phone calls (22), listening to music (13), and social media (9).Many of these functions would be much better served if the technology was worn on, or even physically integrated into, our bodies. This tech- nology is known as a "wearable." Wearables have been around for a long time, with technologies such as hearing aids and, later, bluetooth earpieces. Now the product lines have expanded to in- clude the Smartwatch, body cameras, sports watch, and various fitness monitors. The following table from the Gartner G 7 reports both historical and predictedWearables have been around for a long time, with technologies such as hearing Increase Font Size aids and, later, bluetooth earpieces. Now the product lines have expanded to in- clude the Smartwatch, body cameras, sports watch, and various fitness monitors. The following table from the Gartner Group reports both historical and predicted sales. Wearable Devices Worldwide (millions of units) Device 2016 2017 2018 2021 Smartwatch 34.80 41.50 48.20 80.96 Head-mounted display 16.09 22.01 28.28 67.17 Body-worn camera 0.17 1.05 1.59 5.62 Bluetooth headset 128.50 150.00 168.00 206.00 Wristband 34.97 44.10 48.84 63.86 Sports watch 21.23 21.43 21.65 22.31 Other fitness monitor 55.46 55.7 56.23 58.73 Total 265.88 310.37 347.53 504.65 Wearable Devices Actual and Forecast (Source. Gartner Group, August 2017)Increase Font Size Notice the strong growth predicted by 2021. Total wearable devices are projected to increase by about 45% from 2018 to 2021. Collaborative Will. O2-UK 3G 08:29 AM 1 35% As more people use smartphones and wearables, it will In 190 m be simpler than ever to share data with each other for Close Not mutual benefit. Some of this sharing can be done pas- there Woodstock Ln S Church Meadow sively, such as reporting your location in order to up- date traffic statistics. Other data can be reported ac- Herne Roa tively, such as adding your rating of a restaurant to a re- Brook Road Elmcroft drive view site. Priory Road ent Way Tolyjor A3 (N) The smartphone app Waze is a community-based tool Glen Road Hook Rice South that keeps track of the route you are traveling and how Ashcroft road Lon fast you are making your way to your destination. In re- turn for providing your data, you can benefit from the Waze Screen Shot (Click to enlarge) data being sent from all of the other users of the app. Waze directs T around traffic and accidents basedWoodstock Ln S Church Meadow Increase Font Size date traffic statistics. Other data can be reported ac- A3 Herne Roa tively, such as adding your rating of a restaurant to a re- Brook Road Elmcroft drive view site. Priory Road Kent Way Tolyor Glen Road A3 (N) The smartphone app Waze is a community-based tool Hook Rice South that keeps track of the route you are traveling and how Lor Ashcroft road fast you are making your way to your destination. In re- turn for providing your data, you can benefit from the Waze Screen Shot (Click to enlarge) data being sent from all of the other users of the app. Waze directs you around traffic and accidents based upon real-time reports from other users. Yelp! allows consumers to post ratings and reviews of local businesses into a data- base, and then it provides that data back to consumers via its website or mobile phone app. By compiling ratings of restaurants, shopping centers, and services, and then allowing consumers to search through its directory, Yelp! has become a huge source of business for many companies. Unlike data collected passively however, Yelp! relies on its users to take the time to provide honest ratings and reviews. PrintablePrintable One of the most amazing innovations to be developed recently is the 3-D printer. A 3-D printer allows you to print virtually any 3-D object based on a model of that object designed on a computer. 3D printers work by creating layer upon layer of the model using malleable materials, such as different types of glass. metals, or even wax. 3-D printing is quite useful for prototyping the designs of products to determine their feasibility and marketability. 3-D printing has also been used to create work- ing prosthetic legs and an ear that can hear beyond the range of normal hearing. The US military now uses 3D printed parts on aircraft such as the FlSlH] Here are more amazing productions from 3D printers. . Buildings. Researchers at MIT in 2017 unveiled a 3D printing robot that can construct a building. It has a large arm and small arm. The large arm moves around the perimeter of the building while the small arm sprays a variety of materials including concrete and insulation, Total time to construct a dome shaped building is just 14 hours. I Musical Instruments. Flutes, ddl d acoustic guitars are being produced '11 run _ - .1. i. .. 1. I u 1-." ...1-.11 r lncmase Fontsizc ' The US military now uses 3-D printed parts on aircraft such as the FIRE increase Font size ' Here are more amazing productions from 3D printers. 0 Buildings. Researchers at MIT in 2017 unveiled a 3D printing robot that can construct a building. It has a large arm and small arm. The large arm moves around the perimeter of the building while the small arm sprays a variety of materials including concrete and insulation. Total time to construct a dome- shaped building is just 14 hours. 0 Musical Instruments. Flutes, ddlcs, and acoustic guitars are being produced with 3D printing using both metal and plastic. You can click here for an exam ple of Lking a violin. 0 Medical Models. Medical models are being used to help doctors train in the areas of orthopedics, transplant surgery, and oncology. Using a 3D printed brain model similar to the one shown m, surgeons were able to save a pa tient from a cerebral aneurysm. 0 Clothing. How would you like clothes that t perfectly? Special software is used to measure a person, then 3D printing produces the clothing to the ex- act measurements. The result is welltting clothes that consume less raw materials. Initially the challenge was to nd materials that would not break. You can read more about 3D printing of clothes and shoes. E Increase Font Size 3-D printing is one of many technologies embraced by the "maker" movement. Chris Anderson, editor of Wired magazine, puts it this way[16]: In a nutshell, the term "Maker" refers to a new category of builders who are using open-source methods and the latest technology to bring manu- facturing out of its traditional factory context, and into the realm of the personal desktop computer. Until recently, the ability to manufacture was reserved for those who owned factories. What's happened over the last five years is that we've brought the Web's democratizing power to manu- facturing. Today, you can manufacture with the push of a button. Findable The "Internet of Things" (loT) refers to devices . . . that have been embedded into a variety of ob- ects including appliances, lamps, vehicles, Internet lightbulbs, toys, thermostats, jet engines, etc. Of Things and then connecting them via Wi-Fi, Blu th, or LTE to the Internet. Principally three factors have come together to give usFindablc he \"Internet of Things\" (IoT) refers to devices hat have been embedded into a variety of ob [ects including appliances, lamps. vehicles, Imam ightbulbs. toys, thermostats, jet engines, etc. Of Things . nd then connecting them via Wi-Fi. BlueTooth, or LTE to the Internet. Principally hree factors have come together to give us [0]\": inexpensive processors. wireless connec- tivity, and a new standard for addresses on the Internet known as IPv6. The result is these small, embedded objects (things) are capable of sending and receiving data. Lights can be turned on or off remotely. Thermostats can be reset with anyone being present. And, perhaps on the down side, how you drive your car can be monitored and evaluated by your insurance company. Processors have become both smaller and cheaper in recent years, leading to their being embedded in more devices. Consider technological advancements in your vehicles. Your car can now collect il'ta about how fast you drive, where you go, radio stations you listen to, and yo ling performance such as acceleration 1 LL\" l ' V ' If ' I' \"31.4 f I, ' 1,; s R lncrease FontSizc ' couTuuj. Processors have become both smaller and cheaper in recent years, leading to their being embedded in more devices. Consider technological advancements in your vehicles. Your car can now collect data about how fast you drive, where you go, radio stations you listen to. and your driving performance such as acceleration and braking. Insurance companies are offering discounts for the right to monitor your driving behavior. On the positive side, imagine the benet of being informed instantly of anticipated trafc delays each time you adjust your route to work in the morning. Think of loT as devices that you wouldn't normally consider being connected to the Internet. And, the connection is independent of human intervention. So a PC is not an loT, but a tness band could be. One keyword for loT would be \"indepen dent\Introduction Information systems have evolved at a rapid pace ever since their introduction in the 1950s. Today devices you can hold in one hand are more powerful than the computers used to land a man on the moon in 1969. The Internet has made the entire world accessible to you, allowing you to communicate and collaborate like never before. This chapter examines current trends and looks ahead to what is coming next. As you read about technology trends in this chapter, think how you might gain competitive advantage in a future career through implementation of some of these devices. Global The rst trend to note is the continuing expansion of globalization. The use of the Internet is growing all over the world, and with it the use of digital devices. Penetration rates, the percent of the population using the Internet, remains high in the developed world, but other continents are gaining Increase Font Size is not an IoT, but a fitness band could be. One keyword for IT would be "indepen dent", not relying directly or constantly on human action. Another keyword would be "interconnected", in the sense that IoTs are connected to other loTs and data collection points or data servers. This interconnectedness or uploading of data is virtually automatic. "Ubiquious" is also a good descriptor of IoTs. And so is "embeddedness." It is rea- sonable to expect that devices through IoTs are reporting data about conditions and events that are not foremost in our thinking, at least not on a continuous ba- sis. Today there are loTs for monitoring traffic, air quality, soil moisture, bridge conditions, consumer electronics, autonomous vehicles, and the list seemingly never stops. The question that might come to mind is "How many loTs are there today?" The Gartner Group released a study in January 2017 which attempted to identify where loTs exist. They reported that over half of all IoTs are installed in devices used by consumers. They also noted that growth in loTs increased by over 30% from 2016 to the projected levels for 2017.[17] Benefits from loTs are virtually everywhere. Here is a quick list. . Optimization of Processes. IoTs in (T ifacturing monitor a variety of condi-increase FontSize ' Benets from loTs are virtually everywhere. Here is a quick list. I Optimization of Processes. loTs in manufacturing monitor a variety of condi- tions that impact production including temperature, humidity, barometric pressure all factors which require adjustment in application of manufactur ing formulas. I Component Monitoring. loTs are added to components in the manufacturing process, then monitored to see how each component is performing. I Home Security Systems. loTs make the challenge of monitoring activity in- side and outside your home are now easier. I Smart Thermostats. Remote control of home thermostats through the use of loTs allows the homeowner to be more efcient in consumption of utilities. I Residential Lighting. loTs provide remote control of lighting, both interior and exterior, and at any time of day.@ Security issues need to be acknowledged and resolved, preferably before loTs in the form of remote lighting, thermostats, and security systems are installed in a residence. Here are some security concerns that need monitoring. I Eavesdropping. Smart speaker systems in residences have been hacked, al lowing others to eavesdrop on con ' tions within the home. I Internetconnected Smart Watch csc devices are sometimes used to tats. Remote control of home thermostats through the use Of Increase Font Size IoTs allows the homeowner to be more efficient in consumption of utilities. . Residential Lighting. IoTs provide remote control of lighting, both interior and exterior, and at any time of day. [18] Security issues need to be acknowledged and resolved, preferably before IoTs in the form of remote lighting, thermostats, and security systems are installed in a residence. Here are some security concerns that need monitoring. . Eavesdropping. Smart speaker systems in residences have been hacked, al- lowing others to eavesdrop on conversations within the home. . Internet-connected Smart Watches. These devices are sometimes used to monitor the location of children in the family. Unfortunately, hackers have been able to breakin and again, eavesdrop as well as learn where children are located. . Lax Use by Owners. Devices such as smart thermometers, security systems, etc. come with a default password. Many owners fail to change the password, thereby allowing easy access by a hacker. AutonomousIncrease Font Size Autonomous Another trend that is emerging is an extension of the Internet of Things: autono- mous robots and vehicles. By combining software, sensors, and location technolo gies, devices that can operate themselves to perform specific functions are being developed. These take the form of creations such as medical nanotechnology ro- bots (nanobots), self-driving cars, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVS). A nanobot is a robot whose components are on the scale of about a nanometer, which is one-billionth of a meter. While still an emerging field, it is showing promise for applications in the medical field. For example, a set of nanobots could be introduced into the human body to combat cancer or a specific disease. In March of 2012, Google introduced the world to their driverless car by releasing a video on YouTube showing a blind man driving the car around the San Francisco area. The car combines several technologies, including a laser radar system, worth about $150,000. While the car is not available commercially yet, three US states (Nevada, Florida, and California) have already passed legislation making driverless cars legal. A UAV, often referred to as a "drone," is a small airplane or helicopter that can fly without a pilot. Instead of a pilot, they ther run autonomously by computersa Video on rouiune snowing a bond man (1erng Inc car around the ban rraneiseo area. The car combines several technologies, including a laser radar system, worth about $150,000. While the car is not available commercially yet, three US states (Nevada, Florida, and California) have already passed legislation making driverless cars legal. A UAV, often referred to as a \"drone,\" is a small airplane or helicopter that can y without a pilot. Instead of a pilot, they are either run autonomously by computers in the vehicle or operated by a person using a remote control. While most drones today are used for military or civil applications, there is a growing market for per sonal drones. For around $300, a consumer can purchase a drone for personal use. Secure As digital technologies drive relentlessly forward, so does the demand for in creased security. One of the most important innovations in security is the use of encryption, which we covered in chapter 6. lncmaso Fontsizo ' Summary As the world of information technology moves forward, we will be constantly Challenged by new capabilities and innovations that will both amaze and disgust us. As we learned in ehapter 12, many times the new capabilities and powers that come with these new technologies will test us and require a new way of thinking about the world. Businesses and individuals alike need to be aware of these com- ing changes and prepare for them. lncrcaso Font Size ' Internet Users in the World Increase Font Size by Geographic Regions - March, 2019 - Updated Asia 2197 Europe 719 Africa 492 Latin America / the Caribbean 444 North America 327 Middle East 173 Oceania / Australia 28 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Millions of Users - March 2019 Source: Internet World Stats - www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm Basis: 4,383,810,342 Internet users estimated in March 31, 2019 Copyright @ 2019, Miniwatts Marketing Group Internet Users by Continent (Source: Internet World Stats) In addition to worldwide growth in Internet penetration, the number of mobile phones in use continues to increase. At the end of 2017 the world population of people over the age 10 years (those old T igh to possibly have their own mobilein addition to worldwide growth in Internet penetration, the number of mobile phones in use continues to increase. At the end of 2017 the world population of people over the age 10 years (those old enough to possibly have their own mobile phone) was about 5.7 billion with an estimated 4.77 billion mobile phone users. This equates to over 80% of people in the world having a mobile phone. E 5,07 6,93 0.77 4 SI 4,43 4.23 in] I | 6' 2015 2014 2015' 20l7' 20l5' 2019' u 5 z 0 Increase Font Size ' Increase Font Size Number of mobile 2 2013 2014 2015- 2016- 2017 2018* 2019* World wide mobile phone users (Source: Statista) Social Social media growth is another trend that continues at a firm growth rate. As of April 2018 there were about 2.18 billion Facebook users, a 14% increase from April 2017.[3] Facebook Usage and Facebook Growth Statistics By World Geographic T egionsIncrease Font Size Facebook Usage and Facebook Growth Statistics By World Geographic Regions Facebook Subscribers in the World by Regions - June 2017 17.4% 13.3% Asia 37.2% 8.0% Lat Am / Carib. 18.8% 4.4% 1.0% 18.8% Europe 17.4% North America 13.3% 37.2% Africa 8.0% Middle East 4.4% Oceania / Australia 1.0% Facebook users world wide in June 2017 (Source: Internet World Stats) In 2018, of the 2.2 billion users who regularly use Facebook, only half them spoke English and only 10% were from the US.4 Besides Facebook, other social media sites are also seeing tremendous growth. Over 83% of YouTube's users are outside the US, with the UK, India, Germany, Canada, France, South Korea, and Russia leading the way. Pinterest gets over 57% of its users from outside the US, with over 9% residing in India. 16 Twitter now has over 330 million active users. ' Social media sites not based in the US are also growing. China's WeChat multi T lose messaging and social media app isIncrease Font Size Besides Facebook, other social media sites are also seeing tremendous growth. Over 83% of YouTube's users are outside the US, with the UK, India, Germany, Canada, France, South Korea, and Russia leading the way. Pinterest gets over 57% of its users from outside the US, with over 9% residing in India. 6! Twitter now has over 330 million active users. ' Social media sites not based in the US are also growing. China's WeChat multipurpose messaging and social media app is the fifth most-visited site in the world. [8] Personal Ever since the advent of Web 2.0 and e-commerce, users of information systems have expected to be able to modify their experiences to meet their personal tastes. From custom backgrounds on computer desktops to unique ringtones on mobile phones, makers of digital devices provide the ability to personalize how we use them. More recently, companies such as Netflix have begun assisting their users with personalizations by viewing suggestions. In the future, we will begin seeing devices perfectly matched to our personal preferences, based upon infor- mation collected about us.Increase Font Size Sidebar: Mary Meeker and Internet Trends Chapters such as this are difficult to main- tain because the future is a moving target. code The same goes for businesses looking to figure out where to develop new products 2017 #CODECON and make investments. Enter Mary Meeker, up until 2018 a partner at the notable ven- ture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and now forming her own investment Mary Meeker making her Internet Trends presentation group, Bond Capital. For the past several years, Ms. Meeker has presented the "Internet Trends" report at the Code Conference every May. The presentation consists of rapid-fire summaries of data that provides insights into all of the latest trends in digital technologies and their impact on economies, culture, and invest- ing. For those wanting to keep up with technology, there is no better way than to unpack her annual presentation by watching a video of the presentation and re- viewing the associated slide deck. Here are the last few years of videos of presentation: 2019 2018 2017Here are the last few years of videos of her presentation: 2019 2 18 2 17 You can view her slide decks from previous years by going to the Bond Cam archive. Mobile Perhaps the most impaetful trend in digital technologies in the last decade has been the advent of mobile technologies. Beginning with the simple cellphone in the 1990s and evolving into the smartphones of today, the growth of mobile has been overwhelming. Here are some key indicators of this trend: I Mobile vs. Desktop. Minutes spent each day on a mobile device are 2.5 times the number of minutes spent on a desktop computer. 0 Daytime vs. Evening. Desktop use dominates in the daytime hours, but mo bile devices are dominant in the evg, with peak usage around 8:00 pm. 0 Device usage. Smartphones are us ore than any other technology. increase Fontsize ' This is a graded discussion: 40 points possible due Apr 21 Research on New Technology and its Implications - Discussion group 4 1 From BUSN220-02 After reviewing the chapter reading and Mary Meeker's presentation (or the Our New World reading). select one trend that you feel will have the biggest impact on business organizations and/or our society in the next ten years. Summarize that trend and then explain why you think it will have the biggest impact. Your writeup should include research that cites statistics and other materials that back up your claim. In your responses to your classmates, tell whether you agree or disagree and why. Your initial, scholarly post of at least 150 words is due Friday by 11:59 pm. Pacic Time. Respond substantively to at least three posts by Sunday at 11:59 pm. Pacic Time