Periodic table of elements

Objectives

Learn how to read from and write to files

Practice using data structures

Practice top-down program design

Practice re-using code

Overview

For this lab, you will implement a program that can output information about any element in the periodic table of elements.

Requirements:

Read in a comma-separated values text file that contains the information about the elements in the periodic table.

Save those elements in a data structure for further processing.

Accept command-line parameters:

Program arguments shall be the chemical symbols for wish the user wants more information

Optionally, the user may provide as the first program argument, the name of a file to write the information out to.

Print out, or write to a file, information about the elements requested.

Data structure for elements

You will need to declare a data structure to hold the information about the chemical elements. Your structure will have the following components:

Atomic Number (integer)

Chemical Symbol (string)

Name (string)

Atomic Weight (floating point number)

State at room temp (string)

Bonding type (string)

Year discovered (string)

Incomplete Sample Code

You can download an incomplete sample code, though you don't have to completely follow it: incomplete sample code.

Read in file

First, download the element database file by clicking here: element_db.csv.

Save this file in the same directory as the source code for your lab.

The first thing your program should do is read in the element_db.csv file, line by line. Every line of the file represents one element in the periodic table of elements.

Open the .csv file for reading a text file, and read in every line of the file using the function fgets.

The file in csv format, which means the data fields are separated by commas. Use the function strtok to extract the data field by field.

You can use the function atoi to convert a string to an integer.

The function atof can be used to convert a string to a floating point number.

Save all of the elements scanned in into an array for further processing.

Remember to close the file once you have read in the contents.

Process program arguments

Your program needs to accept one or more command line program arguments. If the program is called with no arguments, it should print this error message and then exit:

 ERROR: Please provide at least one program argument. 

Each of the arguments provided to the program should be the chemical symbol of a chemical to look up information about (with one exception, mentioned below).

The program should check the first argument provided to see if it contains a . character. If it does, that argument may be assumed to be a filename, and the program should write the output to that file. You may want to use the function strchr to search for the . character.

For every chemical symbol argument, the program should look up the relevant information about that element.

You can do this by looping through the array of elements, using strcmp to check if the chemical symbol matches the program argument.

When you find a matching element, either print the information to the screen or write it out to the output file, depending if that first argument was a filename or not.

Note that you should be able to use the same function to accomplish this regardless of the target output stream, by using fprintf with the output file pointer or the built-in file pointer stdout.

If no element was found for the input symbol, print a message like this:

WARNING: No such element: [symbol] 

(replace [symbol] with the name of the symbol that could not be found).

Print out the element in a similar format to the one used for Lab 9:

 --------------- | 3 6.9410 | Li Lithium | solid | metallic | Found: 1817 --------------- 

Print the atomic number and atomic weight on the top line, separated by a '\t' character.

Print the chemical symbol and name on the next line, separated by a '\t' character.

Print the physical state on the next line

Print the bonding type on the line after that

Print the date discovered on the last line, after the word "Found: ".

Print the top and bottom with the dash - character, and side of the box using the pipe | character.

Remember to close the output file once you have finished processing all of the command-line arguments.

Example Execution

No program arguments

 [esus] $ ./lab10 ERROR: Please provide at least one program argument. 

Output to screen: Iron, Silver, Carbon, Potassium

 [esus] $ ./lab10 Fe C Ag K --------------- | 26 55.8450 | Fe Iron | solid | metallic | Found: Ancient --------------- --------------- | 6 12.0107 | C Carbon | solid | covalent network | Found: Ancient --------------- --------------- | 47 107.8682 | Ag Silver | solid | metallic | Found: Ancient --------------- --------------- | 19 39.0983 | K Potassium | solid | metallic | Found: 1807 --------------- 

Output to screen: Mercury, Phosphorus, Flourine

 [esus] $ ./lab10 Hg P F --------------- | 80 200.5900 | Hg Mercury | liquid | metallic | Found: Ancient --------------- --------------- | 15 30.9738 | P Phosphorus | solid | covalent network | Found: 1669 --------------- --------------- | 9 18.9984 | F Fluorine | gas | atomic | Found: 1670 --------------- 

Output to file: Lithium, Aluminum, Iodine saved to file output.txt (note: no output is printed to screen).

 [esus] $ ./lab10 output.txt Li Al I [esus] $ 

Content of output.txt:

 [esus] $ cat output.txt --------------- | 3 6.9410 | Li Lithium | solid | metallic | Found: 1817 --------------- --------------- | 13 26.9815 | Al Aluminum | solid | metallic | Found: Ancient --------------- --------------- | 53 126.9045 | I Iodine | solid | covalent network | Found: 1811 --------------- 

Program arguments have invalid symbol name:

 [esus] $ ./lab10 S Hh H --------------- | 16 32.0650 | S Sulfur | solid | covalent network | Found: Ancient --------------- WARNING: No such element: Hh --------------- | 1 1.0079 | H Hydrogen | gas | diatomic | Found: 1766 --------------- 

Compile & Test

Compile your program using this gcc command. c99 is a shortcut for running gcc -std=c99, which uses the C99 standard instead of the default C89 standard.

$ c99 -Wall lab10.c -o program10 

NOTE: Make sure you output what is expected, nothing more and nothing less.

******incomplete sample code*****

#include  #include  #include  #define ELEMENT_FILENAME "element_db.csv" typedef struct { int atomic_number; char symbol[4]; char name[25]; float atomic_weight; char state[25]; char bonding_type[25]; char discovered[25]; } element_t; element_t * find_element( element_t * list, char * symbol ); int main( int argc, char * argv[] ) { if ( argc < 2 ) { printf(" ERROR: Please provide at least one program argument. "); return 0; } element_t * elements = (element_t *)calloc( 118 , sizeof( element_t ) ); FILE * element_file = fopen( ELEMENT_FILENAME, "r" ); if ( element_file != NULL ) { char line[100]; while( fgets(line, 100, element_file ) != NULL ) { // remove newline character from line char * nl = strchr( line, ' ' ); if ( nl ) { *nl = '\0'; } //printf("line = %s ", line ); element_t e; char * str = strtok( line, "," ); int col = 0; while ( str != NULL ) { switch( col ) { case 0: e.atomic_number = atoi( str ); break; case 1: strcpy( e.symbol, str ); break; } str = strtok( NULL, "," ); col++; } elements[ e.atomic_number - 1 ] = e; //printf(" %s ", elements[ e.atomic_number - 1].symbol ); } fclose( element_file ); } // process program arguments. FILE * output_f = NULL; int i; for( i = 1; i < argc; i++ ) { if ( i == 1 ) // check for filename { char * dot = strchr( argv[i], '.' ); if ( dot ) { // this is a filename output_f = fopen( argv[i], "w" ); continue; } } // Look up this element element_t * ele = find_element( elements, argv[i] ); if ( ele ) { printf("%d %s ", ele->atomic_number, ele->symbol); } } return 0; } element_t * find_element( element_t * list, char * symbol ) { int i; for( i = 0; i < 118; i++ ) { if ( strcmp( list[i].symbol, symbol ) == 0 ) { element_t * result = &list[i]; return result; } } return NULL; } 

*******element_db.csv*******

1	H	Hydrogen	1.00794	gas	diatomic	1766
2	He	Helium	4.002602	gas	atomic	1868
3	Li	Lithium	6.941	solid	metallic	1817
4	Be	Beryllium	9.012182	solid	metallic	1798
5	B	Boron	10.811	solid	covalent network	1807
6	C	Carbon	12.0107	solid	covalent network	Ancient
7	N	Nitrogen	14.0067	gas	diatomic	1772
8	O	Oxygen	15.9994	gas	diatomic	1774
9	F	Fluorine	18.9984032	gas	atomic	1670
10	Ne	Neon	20.1797	gas	atomic	1898
11	Na	Sodium	22.98976928	solid	metallic	1807
12	Mg	Magnesium	24.305	solid	metallic	1808
13	Al	Aluminum	26.9815386	solid	metallic	Ancient
14	Si	Silicon	28.0855	solid	metallic	1854
15	P	Phosphorus	30.973762	solid	covalent network	1669
16	S	Sulfur	32.065	solid	covalent network	Ancient
17	Cl	Chlorine	35.453	gas	covalent network	1774
18	Ar	Argon	39.948	gas	atomic	1894
19	K	Potassium	39.0983	solid	metallic	1807
20	Ca	Calcium	40.078	solid	metallic	Ancient
21	Sc	Scandium	44.955912	solid	metallic	1876
22	Ti	Titanium	47.867	solid	metallic	1791
23	V	Vanadium	50.9415	solid	metallic	1803
24	Cr	Chromium	51.9961	solid	metallic	Ancient
25	Mn	Manganese	54.938045	solid	metallic	1774
26	Fe	Iron	55.845	solid	metallic	Ancient
27	Co	Cobalt	58.933195	solid	metallic	Ancient
28	Ni	Nickel	58.6934	solid	metallic	1751
29	Cu	Copper	63.546	solid	metallic	Ancient
30	Zn	Zinc	65.38	solid	metallic	1746
31	Ga	Gallium	69.723	solid	metallic	1875
32	Ge	Germanium	72.64	solid	metallic	1886
33	As	Arsenic	74.9216	solid	metallic	Ancient
34	Se	Selenium	78.96	solid	metallic	1817
35	Br	Bromine	79.904	liquid	covalent network	1826
36	Kr	Krypton	83.798	gas	atomic	1898
37	Rb	Rubidium	85.4678	solid	metallic	1861
38	Sr	Strontium	87.62	solid	metallic	1790
39	Y	Yttrium	88.90585	solid	metallic	1794
40	Zr	Zirconium	91.224	solid	metallic	1789
41	Nb	Niobium	92.90638	solid	metallic	1801
42	Mo	Molybdenum	95.96	solid	metallic	1778
43	Tc	Technetium	98	solid	metallic	1937
44	Ru	Ruthenium	101.07	solid	metallic	1827
45	Rh	Rhodium	102.9055	solid	metallic	1803
46	Pd	Palladium	106.42	solid	metallic	1803
47	Ag	Silver	107.8682	solid	metallic	Ancient
48	Cd	Cadmium	112.411	solid	metallic	1817
49	In	Indium	114.818	solid	metallic	1863
50	Sn	Tin	118.71	solid	metallic	Ancient
51	Sb	Antimony	121.76	solid	metallic	Ancient
52	Te	Tellurium	127.6	solid	metallic	1782
53	I	Iodine	126.90447	solid	covalent network	1811
54	Xe	Xenon	131.293	gas	atomic	1898
55	Cs	Cesium	132.9054519	solid	metallic	1860
56	Ba	Barium	137.327	solid	metallic	1808
57	La	Lanthanum	138.90547	solid	metallic	1839
58	Ce	Cerium	140.116	solid	metallic	1803
59	Pr	Praseodymium	140.90765	solid	metallic	1885
60	Nd	Neodymium	144.242	solid	metallic	1885
61	Pm	Promethium	145	solid	metallic	1947
62	Sm	Samarium	150.36	solid	metallic	1853
63	Eu	Europium	151.964	solid	metallic	1901
64	Gd	Gadolinium	157.25	solid	metallic	1880
65	Tb	Terbium	158.92535	solid	metallic	1843
66	Dy	Dysprosium	162.5	solid	metallic	1886
67	Ho	Holmium	164.93032	solid	metallic	1878
68	Er	Erbium	167.259	solid	metallic	1842
69	Tm	Thulium	168.93421	solid	metallic	1879
70	Yb	Ytterbium	173.054	solid	metallic	1878
71	Lu	Lutetium	174.9668	solid	metallic	1907
72	Hf	Hafnium	178.49	solid	metallic	1923
73	Ta	Tantalum	180.94788	solid	metallic	1802
74	W	Tungsten	183.84	solid	metallic	1783
75	Re	Rhenium	186.207	solid	metallic	1925
76	Os	Osmium	190.23	solid	metallic	1803
77	Ir	Iridium	192.217	solid	metallic	1803
78	Pt	Platinum	195.084	solid	metallic	Ancient
79	Au	Gold	196.966569	solid	metallic	Ancient
80	Hg	Mercury	200.59	liquid	metallic	Ancient
81	Tl	Thallium	204.3833	solid	metallic	1861
82	Pb	Lead	207.2	solid	metallic	Ancient
83	Bi	Bismuth	208.9804	solid	metallic	Ancient
84	Po	Polonium	209	solid	metallic	1898
85	At	Astatine	210	solid	covalent network	1940
86	Rn	Radon	222	gas	atomic	1900
87	Fr	Francium	223	solid	metallic	1939
88	Ra	Radium	226	solid	metallic	1898
89	Ac	Actinium	227	solid	metallic	1899
90	Th	Thorium	232.03806	solid	metallic	1828
91	Pa	Protactinium	231.03588	solid	metallic	1913
92	U	Uranium	238.02891	solid	metallic	1789
93	Np	Neptunium	237	solid	metallic	1940
94	Pu	Plutonium	244	solid	metallic	1940
95	Am	Americium	243	solid	metallic	1944
96	Cm	Curium	247	solid	metallic	1944
97	Bk	Berkelium	247	solid	metallic	1949
98	Cf	Californium	251	solid	metallic	1950
99	Es	Einsteinium	252	solid		1952
100	Fm	Fermium	257			1952
101	Md	Mendelevium	258			1955
102	No	Nobelium	259			1957
103	Lr	Lawrencium	262			1961
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	267			1969
105	Db	Dubnium	268			1967
106	Sg	Seaborgium	271			1974
107	Bh	Bohrium	272			1976
108	Hs	Hassium	270			1984
109	Mt	Meitnerium	276			1982
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	281			1994
111	Rg	Roentgenium	280			1994
112	Cn	Copernicium	285			1996
113	Uut	Ununtrium	284			2003
114	Uuq	Ununquadium	289			1998
115	Uup	Ununpentium	288			2003
116	Uuh	Ununhexium	293			2000
117	Uus	Ununseptium	294			2010
118	Uuo	Ununoctium	294			2002