PKC Ltd is considering raising $120 million from the markets. In its recent management meeting, Winnie Poon, the CFO, suggested PKC to issue perpetual bonds with a face value of $1,000 each and a coupon rate of 8.1% paid annually. The current market interest rate is 8%. Winnie estimates a 0.3 probability that next years interest rate will increase to 10%, and a 0.7 probability that it will fall to 6%.

(a) Calculate the current market value of the perpetual bond If PKC issues perpetual bond based on Winnies suggestion . (Show your calculations). (7 marks)

(b) The CEO, John Lung, decides to include a call provision in the bond contract such that the bonds are callable in one year. Calculate the coupon rate of the callable bonds such that the bonds will be sold at par. Assume the bonds will be called if the interest rates fall and the call premium is $150. (Show your calculations). (7 marks)

(c) Suppose after evaluating market conditions, PKC finally issued callable bonds with a coupon rate of 8.2% paid annually, and the call premium is equal to 16% of the principal amount of bonds. The total principal amount of the bonds issued is $100 million. The firm is subject to a tax rate of 35%. Assume it is now 1 year after the callable bonds were issued and the current market interest rate is 7.35%. PKC is considering calling back the callable bonds. If the transaction cost of refunding equals $1,000,000, should KPC call back the callable bonds? (Show your calculations).