Please answer all the questions thanks.

Directions: Answer the following questions about experimental design and related topics. Some research on your part may be required beyond the currently available course materials. REPEAT: Some independent study is necessary!

Question 1)

Item #1:

HannahHornsby, ahorticulturalist, remarks to her friend Heidi that a handful offiddleheadferns she planted as ornamental vegetation did not survive more than several months in the especially sandy soil out back behind her plant nursery in Highland Hills.

Answer choice:

In this context, this is an example ofanecdotal evidence

a)True

b)False

Question 2)

Item #2:

Sale Mart is taste testing a new flavor of its zero-calorie sports drink against two competitive brands already on the market. The identities of the three drink brands are hidden not only from the test subjects (i.e., consumers taste testing the product and reporting their preferences) but also from the on-site researchers actually conducting the testing; neither group knows which drink belongs to which brand.

Answer choice:

In this context, In this context, this is not an example of a double-blind experiment

a)True

b)False

Question 3)

Item #3:

Marina Martin, a marine biologist, is recording the behaviors of green sea turtles, namely how long these turtles take to exit the water onto the beach, sunbathe or explore the area, and then to return to the water, measured in hours and minutes

Answer choice:

In this context, this is not an example of an observational study

a)True

b)False

Question 4)

Item #4:

Pamela Parker from Pfeiffer Pharma is conducting clinical trials on pain relief medication to alleviate arm, elbow and wrist chronic pain of the arm, wrist and/or elbow, such as that associated with carpal tunnel or tendonitis. Some volunteer patients were treated, unbeknownst to them, with a pill comprised of only of cornstarch; in other words, the medicinal intervention had no active drug ingredients. Not surprisingly to this clinician, some of these patients still reported pain relief anyway.

Answer choice:

In this context, the cornstarch pill is referred to as a placebo

a)True

b)False

Question 5)

Item #5:

Dianna Dynes, a registered dietitian affiliated with Hudson Heights Hospital, is conducting an experiment on weight loss among obese college students. As her test subjects, she is using identical twin volunteers who attend the same institution. One twin from each pair of siblings is instructed to follow a specific regimen of diet and exercise, while the other twin is prescribed a weight-loss drug to suppress appetite. The twins are weighed in workout attire both before and after the interventions which last three months, presumably before and after the start of the upcoming semester. The data of interest is the difference in weight loss, if any, between the two twins. This research design can best be characterized as which of the following:

a)Completely Randomized Experimental Design

b)Latin Square Design

c)Matched Pair Design

d)Randomized Complete Block Design

Question 6)

Item #6:

Florence Flores, a horticulturalist, is investigating the conditions in her greenhouse nursery where she is growing four types of ferns for use in shade gardens. She places one of each type of fern on ten different benches placed strategically throughout the greenhouse so that she can measure how the four types of ferns respond under a variety of conditions. The lighting and moisture levels throughout the greenhouse vary, so the context for each bench varies. This way, she ensures that all four varieties are observed under all ten conditions. This research design can best be characterized as which of the following:

a)Completely Randomized Experimental Design

b)Latin Square Design

c)Matched Pair Design

d)Randomized Complete Block Design

Question 7)

Item #7:

Claudine Caldwell, DNP, is investigating the efficacy of OTC cough medicine. She places the names of 100 volunteer patients on identical slips of paper, placing them in a brown lunch bag; she then has her assistant, Chloe, select 50 names from the sack. The first 50 patients selected are given an oral solution containing a suppressant, expectorant and decongestant as an intervention for mild cough symptoms, while the second 50 patients are given an oral solution containing flavored sugar water in lieu of a drug treatment with any active ingredients. She then asks the patients to rate how effective the treatment was in ameliorating their mild cough symptoms using a rubric scale. This research design can best be characterized as which of the following:

a)Completely Randomized Experimental Design

b)Latin Square Design

c)Matched Pair Design

d)Randomized Complete Block Design

Question 8)

Item #8:

Lila Lyons, senior librarian at Saint Patrick's College, is gathering observational study data on the late night study stress levels of students who use her facilities after midnight. She planned her independent variable to be the amount of sleep these late night studiers got the night prior and also the number of looming assignments/exams each student had during the next 48 hours, but soon realized that the consumption of caffeinated beverages, use of tobacco and alcohol products, consumption of junk food, as well as lack of physical exercise also impacted stress levels in ways she had not initially planned to consider. Furthermore, measuring the separate impact of all these factors will be difficult to determine and unravel.

In this context, the additional previously unplanned but intertwined inputs of caffeinated beverage intake, use of tobacco and alcohol, consumption of junk food, and lack of exercise could not be considered confounding variables when investigating the stress level model in the observational study of late night learners studying at the college library, which initially focused on sleep and assignments as contributors to student stress.

Answer choice:

a)true

b)false

Question 9)

Item #9:

Willie Watkins works at Western Wyoming Wildflower World as a production manager. He wonders how changes in the physical interior atmosphere might impact production within the building where his staff processes seed packet orders for clients. He made his staff aware of the prospective experimental changes, and they were supportive of his efforts. He plans to adjust temperature, lighting and background music slightly. He notices that no matter how he changes the factory atmosphere, either increasing or decreasing any of these factors, productivity always improved. Indeed, production only decreased when he declared the experiment as officially ended. It seemed to Willie that his staff benefitted more from the attention and the novelty of the circumstances than the actual factors themselves.

In this context, this phenomenon where worker productivity increased merely because of the workers' apparent awareness of the experimental circumstances as well as increased interest in their efforts rather than as any result of the actual experimentation could be considered an example of observer effect or Hawthorne effect.

Answer choice:

a)true

b)false

Question 10)

Item #10:

Willie Watkins works at Western Wyoming Wildflower World as a production manager. He notices that a senior supervisor excessively and arbitrarily praises certain staff members and constantly criticizes others at random. Willie tracks the results of these exchanges briefly and realizes that the employees respond differently. Those that the senior supervisor praises were performing even better than before the comments, whereas those the senior supervisor criticizes were performing worse. The only apparent explanation for the difference seems to be the commentary by the senior supervisor. Those who received positive comments performed better, while those who received negative comments performed worse. (Willie subsequently spoke with the senior supervisor, instructing him to cease and desist with the arbitrary praises and criticisms

In this context, this phenomenon where workers performed better or worse in response to the expressed but arbitrary expectations made by the supervisor could not be considered an example of Rosenthal effect or Pygmalion effect

Answer choice:

a)true

b)false