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I T lul F LLLLL 2. In the following statements, circle T (true) or F (false). 1. Sugars have reactive functional groups (e.g., ketones, aldehydes, hydroxyl) that T F allow it to react with itself and form cyclic structures with 5 or 6 atoms. 2. The three-dimensional tertiary structure of proteins my contain active sites that T F allow the protein to perform catalysis and function as an enzyme. 3. "Endo" enzymes attack the free ends of a polymer. T F 4. Lignin is a complex polymer joined by ether linkages. T F 5. Fatty acids contain a hydrocarbon "tail" with a carboxylic acid "head." T F 6. The bond energy in ATP is much greater than the bond energy in NADH. T F 7. Proteins are extremely versatile biological molecules that perform various functions T F such as movement, structure, and catalysts for chemical reactions. 8. Enzymes selectively catalyze reactions even at moderate temperatures (e.g., 37C). T 9. Enzymes are extremely robust molecules that can resist harsh environments. TF 10. The chemical reaction that describes photosynthesis is the reverse of the reaction T F that describes respiration. 11. Photosynthesis is a biological process in which carbon is reduced using light T F energy 12. Respiration is a biological process in which carbon is oxidized by reacting with T F oxygen. 13. The conversion of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid is an example of a reaction in which carbon is reduced. 14. In photosynthesis, the dark reaction fixes carbon dioxide to produce glucose. TF 15. In photosynthesis, the light reaction splits water to produce oxygen. F 16. Photosynthetic pigments (e.g., chlorophyll) may be viewed as tiny antennae that T resonate when impacted by light of a particular frequency. 17. ATP synthase is an enzyme that bridges across membranes. When exposed to a pH TF gradient, a small "motor" rotates and converts ADP plus inorganic phosphate to ATP by mechanically deforming the catalytic head. 18. C3 plants contain a carbon dioxide pump that gives them a competitive advantage T F at low partial pressures of carbon dioxide, 19. Respiration occurs in mitochondria. T 20. The light reaction of photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. TF 21. Glycolysis is a nearly universal biological process that converts glucose to pyruvic T F acid, a key intermediate in metabolic pathways. 22. Microorganisms that respire glucose to carbon dioxide realize 36 mol ATP/mol T F glucose whereas microorganisms that ferment glucose to ethanol realize only 2 mol ATP/mol glucose. 23. Methanogens produce methane from two sources: (1) acetic acid or (2) carbon T dioxide + hydrogen. 24. In soil, oxygen is the preferred electron acceptor, however, if oxygen is not F available, sulfate is a good electron acceptor. 25. Prokaryotes are complex organisms (c.g., animal cells, plant cells) whereas eukaryotes are simple organisms (e.g., bacteria). F EE Lu F F F T F T T F